愛狗者與怕狗者之注意力偏誤：特質與時間歷程

過往對懼怕動物之注意力偏誤研究多聚焦在蜘蛛、蛇或蟑螂上，此外，對時間歷程之注意力偏誤研究亦多僅操弄刺激呈現時間之變化。本研究目的在了解愛狗者與怕狗者的注意力偏誤在不同時間歷程之變化，並同時將刺激呈現時距與刺激呈現時間納入探討。本研究先發展中文版怕狗與愛狗問卷以招募怕狗者、愛狗者與不愛也不怕者，怕狗與愛狗問卷內部一致性分別為.962與.980，再使用情緒空間提示作業觀察愛狗者、怕狗者與不愛狗也不怕狗者相比，在刺激呈現時距為150、500與1500毫秒、刺激呈現時間為100毫秒與呈現直到反應的時間下，對狗圖片是否會有注意力偏誤出現，及所展現之注意力偏誤類型為何。研究發現當刺激呈現時距為150毫秒而刺激呈現100毫秒時，參與者對有效魚圖刺激的反應較快，但當刺激呈現直到反應時則對有效魚圖刺激反應較慢，而怕狗者、愛狗者與不愛狗者也不怕狗者相比，皆無明顯快速導向之注意力偏誤。當刺激呈現時距為500與1500毫秒時，不論刺激呈現時間與刺激類別為何，參與者對無效提示的反應時間皆比有效提示快，而怕狗者、愛狗者與不愛狗者也不怕狗者相比，皆無明顯脫離困難或逃避之注意力偏誤。後續將探討未來研究可行之方向。

關鍵字

注意力偏誤；時間歷程；情緒空間提示作業

並列摘要

I investigated attentional bias in dog people and individuals who are afraid of dogs in the preset study. First, I developed the Dog Fear Questionnaire and the Dog Love Questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha of these questionnaires was .962 and .980, respectively. In addition, I used an emotional spatial cuing task to study attentional bias toward dog pictures. The emotional cue could be either a picture of a dog or a picture of a fish (the control condition). The stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) was 150ms, 500ms or 1500ms, and the cue duration was either 100ms or being presented until response. Individuals in the dog-people group, afraid-or-dog group, or a neutral group participated in this study. The results showed that neither individuals who were afraid of dogs nor dog people showed facilitated attentional capture by dog pictures in the 150ms-SOA condition. In addition, when the SOA was 150ms and the cue duration was 100ms, the participants responded to the probing dots at the location of fish pictures more quickly; on the other hand, when the SOA was also 150ms but the cue was presented until response, the participants responded slower. Finally, in the 500ms- and 1500ms-SOA conditions, the participants responded to the probing dots at the invalid location more quickly. Implications were discussed.