兒童奇幻文學之文化語境翻譯研究－Five Children and It之中譯與譯評

本研究以意蒂絲．奈士比特的Five Children and It之中譯本為例，探討使用何種翻譯策略及原則來處理文化語境的文化內容，能使目標語讀者即兒童讀者理解及學習源語文本的文化內容。此研究以Klingberg ( 1986 ) 所提出的十種文化語境種類為架構，分析二位譯者及研究者翻譯的三種不同中譯本間之差異，並以Klingberg ( 1986 ) 所提出適應文化語境的九種翻譯方法及賴慈芸 ( 2000 ) 和蔡尚志 ( 1989 ) 所提出的翻譯原則為依據，探討譯者所使用的翻譯策略及原則。市面文本的比較分析結果發現，兩位譯者在碰上文化語境的文化內容時採取不同的策略，一位選擇刪除源語文化的內容，或是直接將源語文化內容翻譯出來但未給予補充，另一位則以加註在章節結尾的方式補充源語文化內容，此種方式可能影響目標語讀者之閱讀。研究者發現使用Klingberg ( 1986 ) 所提出的「內文加入解釋法」、「改寫法」與「源語內容解釋法」，以及賴慈芸 ( 2000 ) 所提出的「翻譯字數宜多不宜少」和蔡尚志 ( 1989 ) 的「補充敘述原作語焉不詳的情節」翻譯原則，與許大修 ( 2008 ) 的「音義複合法」及「釋意修飾法」，在碰上文化語境中的文化內容時，以短句補充的方式，解決文化內容補充不足的問題，並可保留兒童說話的口氣和趣味性，對文本中唯一出現的奇幻生物之屬性及個性給予清楚的補充，讓目標語讀者能夠更加理解及學習源語文本的文化內容。

關鍵字

兒童文學；奇幻文學；翻譯；文化語境

並列摘要

The present study investigates how the cultural contexts proposed by Klingberg (1986) were adapted in the Chinese translations of Edith Nesbit’s fantasy children’s literary work, Five Children and It. The researcher examines the strategies and principles that are applied to convey these cultural contexts in its three Chinese translations based on Klingberg’s nine adaptation methods, and Lai’s (2000) and Tsai’s (1989) translation principles. From the textual analysis, the translators of the two publications in this study applied different translation strategies in their target texts (TT). One translator chose to delete cultural contexts or not provide enough cultural contexts of the source text (ST). Another translator used Glossary at the end of the chapters to explain cultural contexts, but this method might influence the reading of target readers. The major finding of this study shows that the following methods and principles can help translators preserve the ST cultural contexts in the target language: (1) Klingberg’s (1986) adaptation methods, including added explanation, rewording, and explanatory translation; (2) Lai’s (2000) translation principle of avoiding simplifying meaning in words when translating children’s literature; (3) Tsai’s (1989) principle of supplementing unclear contents of the ST; (4) Hsu’s (2008) methods of translating names when dealing with fantasy literature. Their functions are to imitate the way that children speak and solve the problem of insufficient cultural contexts to help target readers gain better understanding of the ST culture, without disturbing target readers’ reading flow. In addition, the characteristics and personalities of the roles in the story can be presented clearly in the TT.