聖經經文與當代教堂設計之元素分析

天堂是一種超越想像的存在，而教堂是天堂在世間的模仿，教堂必須是超越建築的理性與感知，創造出神秘的、儀式性的、超自然的。教堂必須扮演「讓人經驗到神存在」的角色。早期的教堂佈滿了圖像、雕刻符號、或將聖經的內容繪製在彩繪玻璃上，教堂本身就是一部非文字的聖經。每一座教堂在設計的時候都必須呼應聖經的精神做出適合的設計。本研究的方向就是如何透過聖經裡的文字或故事來轉譯為實際的設計表現。並以建築、造型、空間與秩序裡的設計方法，條理有系統的分析出現代教堂的設計如何將聖經經文中抽象的語言呈現於建築之中，將複雜抽象的聖經文轉換成清楚的焦點（Steven J.Schloeder,2003）。，進而協助他人在欣賞教堂設計或進行教堂設計之餘，提供教堂基本的光線、造型、空間、動線與聖經經文結合的相互關係。本研究提出兩個問題：1.現代教堂設計引用聖經經文的來源處為何？ 2.如何透過設計原則與方法將聖經經文落實於真實空間？本研究分別提出兩項方法，第一步驟為案例分析，其中分別至歐洲，亞洲選出具現代主義建築風格，並有設計教堂經驗之建築師。研究因子與設計方法則是使用建築: 造型、空間與秩序一書所提到的:1.量體增減 2.向度式變形3.開口4.動線。做為分析教堂的造型設計方法，並對所蒐集的案例進行歸納總結。在本研究的六個案例分析中，幾乎每一個案例都有明顯的經文引用出處，在這些章節裡也代表聖經的世界觀，針對教堂特殊光線設定的開口，則在六個案例中都有出現。第二步驟為專家訪談，與有實際操作教堂設計的建築師進行專訪，已確立本研究中案例分析結果是否符合建築師在設計教堂時的思考邏輯，與了解營造神聖空間所需具備的元素。在第四章的專家訪談中也提到了，創作任何教堂時不太可能離開經文，他會在整體性上與創作的過程中發生。在專家訪談中，林友寒建築師也提到光線是在創作教堂時他最在乎的事，另一位專家廖偉立建築師也在訪談中提到，光線是他認為最接近神性的物質。一座好的教堂設計必須透過五官的感知、身體的感知，或者是生活環境的觀察才會有好的設計方法出現。建築、造型、空間與秩序的分類雖不能完全描述建築的創作，但可能會找到一些線索是沒有錯的。

關鍵字

教堂空間；聖經經文；教堂空間設計；轉譯；設計表現；設計元素；設計方法

並列摘要

Heaven is an existence beyond imagination, and the church is the imitation of heaven in the world. The church must transcend the rationality and perception of architecture to create a mysterious, ritual, and supernatural. The church must play the role of "making people experience the existence of God." The early churches were full of images, carved symbols, or the contents of the Bible painted on stained glass. The church itself was a non-literal Bible. When designing every church, it must respond to the spirit of the Bible to make a suitable design. The direction of this research is how to translate texts or stories in the Bible into actual design expressions. And using the design methods in architecture, modeling, space and order, it systematically analyzes how the design of modern churches presents the abstract language of the biblical texts in the architecture, and transforms the complex and abstract biblical texts into clear focal points ( Steven J. Schloeder, 2003). , So as to assist others in appreciating the church design or conducting church design, and provide the basic light, shape, space, movement of the church and the combination of biblical scriptures. This research raises two questions: 1. What is the source of quotations from the Bible in modern church design? 2. How to implement Bible verses in real space through design principles and methods? This research proposes two methods respectively. The first step is case analysis. Among them, we go to Europe and Asia to select architects with modernist architectural styles and experience in designing churches. The research factors and design methods use what is mentioned in the book Architecture: Modeling, Space and Order: 1. Volume increase and decrease 2. Dimensional deformation 3. Opening 4. Movement line. As a method of analyzing the shape and design of the church, and summarizing the collected cases. In the six case studies in this study, almost every case has an obvious source of Scripture quotations. These chapters also represent the biblical worldview. The openings set for the special light of the church appear in all six cases. . The second step is expert interviews, interviews with architects who have actually operated church design. It has been established whether the results of the case analysis in this study are consistent with the architect's thinking logic when designing the church, and understanding the elements required to create a sacred space. It was also mentioned in the expert interviews in Chapter 4 that it is unlikely to leave the scriptures when creating any church, and it will happen as a whole and in the process of creation. In the expert interview, Architect Lin Youhan also mentioned that light was the thing he cared about most when creating the church. Another expert, Liao Weili, Architect also mentioned in the interview that light is the substance that he believes is closest to divine nature. A good church design must be based on the perception of the five senses, the perception of the body, or the observation of the living environment to have a good design method. Although the classification of architecture, modeling, space and order cannot fully describe the creation of architecture, it is not wrong to find some clues.