運用多目標TOPSIS建構CNC加工刀具磨耗及MRR最佳參數之研究

Research of Optimizing CNC Machining Parameters for Both Tool Wear and MRR by Using Multi-Objective TOPSIS Approach

楊杰穎(Chieh-Ying Yang)

指導教授 ： 黃博滄

中原大學/電機資訊學院/工業與系統工程學系/碩士(2023年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu202301091

摘要

隨著科技日新月異，在工業4.0智能生產的環境下，CNC是一台具有系統化並結合電腦自動控制機械加工的一種工具，為了降低不良品的成本，將提升切削過程的品質以及提高生產過程的效率，達到滿足效率(產能)及成本兩大指標，所以需設置刀具磨耗越小越好與材料去除率(MRR)越大越好，作為優化加工參數的目標，同時也構成了設置多目標的條件。為了實現兩個以上的目標，會使目標之間發生衝突，因此需要權衡兩個或多個目標之間的權重比例，並從中選擇合理的加工參數來降低加工成本，以實現高品質與高效率。本研究使用CNC車床對不鏽鋼SUS304材料進行外徑直削，並用層級分析法(The analytic hierarchy process, AHP)為兩衝突目標設置適當權重，最後尋找出最佳的加工參數。
　運用多目標最佳化裡的逼近理想解排序法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution, TOPSIS)是決策中常用的方法，經由實驗設計的全因子做數據分析，將以下的加工參數當作因子(主軸轉速、進給速率、切削深度)，計算出三者之間的交互作用並驗證是否顯著，進而了解哪個是重要的影響因子，接著再使用AHP方法設置權重，最後再投入多目標方法，依照離正理想解越近，同時離負理想解越遠的概念，去計算正負理想解的距離，最後再做排名最後找出最適合的加工參數。
本研究透過AHP方法所產生出不同的權重結果，再使用多目標最佳化方法，最終會有不同權重下的加工參數解。

關鍵字

CNC車削加工 ； 材料去除率 ； 刀具磨耗 ； 層級分析法 ； 多目標最佳化 ； 逼近理想解排序法

並列摘要

The rapid increasing of the development science and technology has contributed to the demand of the industrial 4.0 intelligent production. CNC is a systematic tool combined with the computer automation for the machine control. In order to minimize the cost due to defective products, the improvement of the quality must be emphasized for cutting process. The efficiency of the production process has two major indicators which are efficiency capacity and cost. Therefore, it is necessary to set the value of tool wear as low as possible and the value of Material Removal Rate (MRR) as high as possible for the optimization of processing parameters. In order to meet these certain conditions for optimizing processing parameters, the setting of condition multiple goals need to be constituted.
Despite of intention for achieving more than two goals, there will also be conflicts between these goals, so it is necessary to measure the weight ratio between two or more parameters, choosing the most reasonable processing parameter to reduce processing costs and to achieve high quality and high efficiency. In this study, CNC lathes were used to cut the outer diameter of stainless steel SUS304 material, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to set the appropriate weights for the two conflicting purposes to find the best processing parameters.
Emphasizing the technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) in multi-objective optimization is a commonly used method in decision-making based method. Through the full factorial data analysis of the experimental design, the following processing parameters are chosen regarded as factors in this research (spindle speed, feed rate, depth of cut). Moreover, the interaction between three parameters must be calculated and verified whether it is significant first and then generating the most important factor which has the highest impact. The AHP method will be used in accordingly to set the weights, finally the method of multi-objective must be implemented to calculate the distance between positive and negative ideal solutions. According to the concept of TOPSIS, optimial processing parameters more closer to postive ideal solution and more further from the negative ideal solution simultaneously, it will be easier to generate the ranking which is the most suitable for processing parameters.
In this study, the results of different weights are generated by AHP, and then the multi-objective optimization method is used to finally obtain the processing parameter solutions under different weights.

並列關鍵字

CNC Turning ； Material Removal Rate ； Tool Wear ； Analytic Hierarchy Process ； Multi-Objective Optimization ； Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution

參考文獻

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