高等教育ESG模型的發展與實證研究

環境保護、社會責任和公司治理 (ESG) 是所謂“對社會負責的投資者”所感興趣的三個主要領域。許多研究表明，企業組織中ESG的實施顯示出積極的影響。世界各地的大學都需要應對各種挑戰以提高其專注度、效率和成功度，以滿足全球化和現代化技術高等教育的市場需求。然而，在高等教育領域中，實施ESG的目的是為了推動永續發展，同時也是發展高等教育的重要機會。換句話說，高等教育領域需要策略支持和領導力來實現ESG目標。過去的研究分別對ESG、領導力和策略進行分析。因此，本研究提出了一種在實施ESG條件下結合領導力和策略驅動的新模型。本研究也將探討了解 ESG 的實施是否會影響大學的表現。本研究將制定假設檢定，探討領導力與策略、領導力與環境、領導力與社會、領導力與治理、策略與環境、策略與社會、策略與治理、環境與績效、社會與績效以及治理和績效的關係。為了驗證所提出的模型，將對印度尼西亞高等教育機構的利益相關者進行了一項調查。以修正型德爾菲法來驗證每個因素的測量項目。這項研究將確定被認為參與該模型的受訪者：學生、教職員工、教職員工和社區成員。在將問卷分發給受訪者之前，進行了初步調查以測試項目的有效性、可靠性和公共性。本研究使用偏最小平方法結構方程模型 (PLS-SEM) 來驗證所提出的模型。統計結果顯示，測量和結構評估是可以接受的，模型與經驗數據吻合。因此，顯著性水準和路徑係數可以用來決定假設是否可以被接受。假設檢定的結果呈現每個利益相關者群體。本研究有助於提高高等教育在 ESG 實施方面的管理意義。統計結果表明，測量和結構評估是可以接受的，模型與經驗數據吻合，本研究為高等教育管理提出了切實可行的建議，以鼓勵他們在其機構中實施 ESG，這也有助於實現 SDGs。

關鍵字

ESG 模型；領導力；績效；策略；高等教育； PLS-SEM

並列摘要

Environment, Social, and Governance (ESG) are the three primary areas of interest for what is referred to as "socially responsible investors." Many studies stated that ESG implementation in organizations showed positive impacts. Universities worldwide are being challenged to become more focused, efficient, and successful in fulfilling the needs of a globalized and technologically enabled higher education market. Implementing ESG in higher education is an opportunity to develop higher education and contribute to achieving Sustainable Development Goals. On the other hand, Leadership and Strategies support ESG implementation. Previous studies conducted ESG, Leadership, and Strategies separately. Therefore, this study proposed a novel model for comprehensively implementing ESG driven by Leadership and Strategies. This study also wants to know whether the implementation of ESG impacts university performance. This study will confirm ten hypotheses of the causal recursive model relationship between Leadership and Strategies, Leadership and Environmental, Leadership and Social, Leadership and Governance, Strategies and Environment, Strategies and Social, Strategies and Governance, Environmental and Performance, Social and Performance, and Governance and Performance. To confirm the proposed model, a survey was conducted on the stakeholder of higher education institutions in Indonesia. The Modified Delphi method has been implemented to verify the items measured for each factor. This study will also determine the respondents who are considered involved in this model: Students, Staff, Faculty Members, and Community Members. A preliminary survey was conducted to test the items' validity, reliability, and communality before the questionnaire was distributed to respondents. This study uses partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to verify the proposed model. The statistical results show that the measurement and structural evaluation are acceptable, and the model fits with the empirical data. Therefore the level of significance and path coefficient can be used to decide whether the hypothesis can be accepted. The results of hypotheses testing are presented for each stakeholder group. This research contributes to the managerial implication for higher education regarding ESG implementation. Based on the results obtained from statistical calculations, this research proposes practical suggestions for higher education management to encourage them to implement ESG in their institutions, which also contributes to the SDGs' achievement.

並列關鍵字

ESG model ； Leadership ； Strategies ； Performance ； Higher education ； PLS-SEM

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