志願服務動機、參與程度對參與態度及 活化高齡關係之研究

A Study on the Relationship between Volunteer Service Motivation, Participation Degree and Participation Attitude and Successful Aging

蘇素貞(SHU-CHEN SU)

指導教授 ： 易青雲

中原大學/商學院/企業管理學系/碩士(2023年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu202301136

摘要

本研究在探討志工志願服務動機、參與程度、參與態度及活化高齡之研究。首先根據文獻探討志工志願服務動機、參與程度、參與態度及活化高齡的基本概念、理論與學者相關研究，作為本研究的理論基礎和編製研究工具的依據。本研究以357位桃園地區志工為對象，以進行問卷調查為主，問卷內容則包括志願服務動機、參與程度、參與態度、活化高齡及個人背景基本資料五部分。所得資料採次數分配、百分比、T考驗、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關，以及逐步迴歸分析等統計方法加以處理。本研究欲達成下列研究目的，以其暸解，如下所述：
(一)探討志工志願服務動機、參與程度與個人背景之關係。
(二)探討志工參與程度、參與態度與活化高齡之關係。
(三)探討影響參與態度與活化高齡之志願服務動機。
(四)探討不同參與程度下影響參與態度與活化高齡之志願服務動機。

研究結論如下:
(一)年齡愈高的志工參與志願服務動機以「利己動機」為重要因素，在個人背景在宗教信仰和社交上，參與志工最強調的是身心健康為影響最主要因素。
(二)人際關係動機、利他動機、社會化動機三構面個會影響參與態度的情感及行為層面。
(三)利他動機、社會化動機二個構面會影響活化高齡心理及生理層面。
(四)在年齡愈高的志工志願服務過程中目的，以增加身體活動的機會，以參與宗教信仰、學習健康專業知能，拓展人際關係及生活圈，幫助服務他人，回饋社會，獲得個人身心靈滿足與精神快樂，以達晚年生活的意義及價值，健康邁向活化高齡目標。

基於研究分析結果及文獻探討，本研究建議：
(一)與宗教團體共同宣導志工對志工推廣提出志願服務之意義及理念。
(二)政府機構、志工組織團體廣開設健康課程及活動。

關鍵字

志願服務動機 ； 參與程度 ； 參與態度 ； 活化高齡

並列摘要

This study explores volunteers' motivation, participation, attitude and successful ageing. Firstly, the basic concepts, theories and scholars' related research on volunteer motivation, participation degree, participation attitude and successful aging of volunteers are discussed according to the literature, which is used as the theoretical basis of this study and the basis for compiling research tools. This study mainly surveyed 357 volunteers in Taoyuan area, Taiwan, which included five parts: volunteer motivation, participation degree, participation attitude, successful aging and basic personal background. The obtained data processed by statistical methods such as frequency allocation, percentage, T-test, one-way variation analysis, Pearson product difference correlation, and stepwise regression analysis. This study aims to achieve the following research objectives and understand them, as described below:
A. To explore the relationship between volunteers' motivation, participation and personal background.
B. To explore the relationship between volunteer participation, participation attitude and successful aging.
C. To explore the motivation of volunteerism that influences participation attitudes and successful aging.
D. To explore the motivation of volunteerism that affects participation attitudes and successful aging under different levels of participation.
The conclusions of the study are as follows:
A. The higher the age of volunteers, the motivation to participate in volunteer service is self-interested motivation as an important factor, and in personal background, religious belief and social interaction, the participation of volunteers emphasizes physical and mental health as the most important factor.
B. The three aspects of interpersonal motivation, altruistic motivation, and social motivation affect the emotional and behavioral aspects of participation attitude.
C. The two aspects of altruistic motivation and socialization motivation will affect the psychological and physiological aspects of successful aging.
D. In the process of volunteering at an older age, the purpose is to increase the opportunities for physical activity, to participate in religious beliefs, to learn health professional knowledge, to expand interpersonal relationships and life circles, to help serve others, to give back to the society, to obtain personal physical, mental and spiritual satisfaction and spiritual happiness, so as to achieve the meaning and value of later life and move towards the goal of successful aging in health.
Based on the results of the research analysis and literature discussion, this study suggests:
A. Work with religious groups to advocate the significance and concept of volunteer service to volunteers.
B. Government agencies and volunteer organizations provide health courses and activities.

並列關鍵字

motivation to volunteer ； degree of participation ； attitude to participate ； successful aging

參考文獻

中文文獻:

[1]衛生福利部(2018)。中華民國 106 年老人狀況調查報告。

[2]衛生福利部(2017)。衛生福利部 105 年志願服務調查研究報告 - 臺北。

[3]國家發展委員會(2020)。中華民國人口推估 8月。

[4]王永慈、林萬億(2008)。從成功、活力與生產的老化觀點初探我國志願服務社會參與現況與影響的因素。發表於「高齡社會的來臨成果發表暨學術研討會」，台灣大學主辦，台北市。