核電廠主控制室自動化對團隊溝通與情境知覺的影響及其溝通效果之探討

The Effects of Automation on Team communication and Situation Awareness in the Main Control Room of the Advanced NPPs

謝逸成(Yi-Cheng Shie)

指導教授 ： 周永燦

中原大學/電機資訊學院/工業與系統工程研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200901029

摘要

越來越多的自動化功能導入核能電廠進步型主控室。然而，這些自動化系統對於運轉作業，造成難以預料的影響，如對運轉團隊之溝通與情境知覺，尚未能夠達成有效的認定。本研究設計一實驗驗證自動化對團隊溝通與情境知覺(situation awareness, SA)的影響，並探討團隊溝通與情境知覺之間的相關性。本研究徵募20名受測者分別指配到值班經理與反應爐心運轉員的職務，共計組成10組團隊。根據Endsley and Kaber (1999)所定義的人機介面自動化分類分法，以「混合決策(LOA 6)」與「動作支援(LOA 2)」二種自動化程度操作「進步型核能電廠人機介面模擬平台(PCTran)」之停爈作業，在作業中採用Endsley (1987)所發展的「情境知覺全面量測技術(SAGAT)」方法量測受測者的多層級情境知覺，並將團隊之溝通內容依性質分門別類計次蒐集。
研究結果顯示，在二種不同自動化程度時，造成部分團隊溝通型態有顯著差異，表示自動化的配置確會影響團隊溝通的行為，使其降低團隊溝通之頻率；在情境知覺方面於「動作支援(LOA2)」時的作業值班經理與反應爐心運轉員的情境知覺較「混合決策(LOA6)」高，表示在低自動化程度時，情境知覺表現較佳；另外，本研究發現命令、觀察與情境知覺具有正向關係，詢問與反應爐心運轉員的第一層級情境知覺具有負向關係。

關鍵字

自動化程度 ； 人機介面 ； 團隊溝通 ； 情境知覺

並列摘要

More and more automation has been introduced into advanced main control rooms of nuclear power plants. These automation systems, however, have caused unexpected impact on operation, such as team communication and situation awareness. This study’s purpose was to examine if automation will influence team communication and situation awareness, and to discuss the relevance of team communication and situation awareness. Twenty subjects were randomly assigned to ten two-person crews including one manager on duty and one reactor operator.
According the category of human-computer interface automation defined by Endsley and Kaber (1999) , the simulated shutdown task of PCTran (Personal Computer Transient Analyzer) was operated by two levels of automation, LOA6 (blended decision making) and LOA2 (action support). The experiment adopted Endsley’s SAGAT measured subjects’ multi-level situation awareness. In the action the communications between the crewmembers was coded the seven categories.
The result revealed there are significant differences between partial groups when operating two different automation levels. It suggested that automation certainly caused impact on team communication, lowering the frequencies of team communication. Next, the situation awareness of managers and operators used LOA2 is higher than one of crews took LOA6, representing situation awareness in low automation is better. In addition to, the study also discovered that commands, observations and situation awareness have positive relation, while suggestion and reactor operators’ the first level situation awareness has negative one.

並列關鍵字

team communication ； situation awareness ； human-machine interface ； level of automation

參考文獻

Endsley, M. R., (1988). Situation awareness global assessment techinique (SAGAT). In proceeding of the National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON). New York: IEEE. pp.789-795.

Endsley, M. R.,, & Rodgers, M. D., (1994). Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT): En route air traffic control version user's guide (Draft).Lubbock: Texas Tech University.

Endsley, M. R., (1995a). Toward a theory of situation awareness in dynamic systems. Human Factors 37(1), pp 32-64.

Endsley, M. R., & Kiris, E. O., (1995). The out-of-the-loop performance problem and level of control in automation, Human Factors, 37, pp. 381-394.

Endsley, M. R., & Kaber. D. B., (1999). Level of automation effects on performance, situation awareness and workload in a dynamic control task. Ergonomics, 42(3), pp 462-492.