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  • 學位論文

視知覺評估工具應用於學齡前發展遲緩兒童之效度研究

Validity of Visual Perceptual Tests for Preschool Children with Developmental Delay

指導教授 : 洪福建

摘要


摘要 視知覺功能障礙是發展遲緩及學習障礙兒童常見的問題之一,會造成日常生活功能、閱讀、書寫以及學校課業的負面影響,及早在學齡前時期發現視知覺功能的困難,就可在發展的關鍵期中提供介入與輔助。對臨床工作者來說,在有限時間下,省時、省力可瞭解視知覺必要面向的衡鑑工具組合就顯得相當重要。故本研究欲探討:1.國內常用三種視知覺評估量表(TVPS-R、DTVP-Ⅱ及VMI)可測得的視知覺因素結構。2.學齡前發展遲緩兒童在TVPS-R、DTVP-Ⅱ及VMI三套視知覺量表的表現分析。期待能提供臨床工作者在快速篩檢、運用、挑選評估工具時的參考依據。 本研究對象是針對滿四歲至滿六歲之學齡前兒童,共收集111名有效樣本,依據發展評估報告書及診斷分為發展正常及發展遲緩兩組,測量材料包括人口統計變項調查、臨床相關變項調查、視知覺功能量表(TVPS-R、DTVP-Ⅱ及VMI)以及魏氏幼兒智力量表。 統計結果分析,1.三套視知覺量表共十二項分測驗具有三個主要因素:「模式再認與空間關係」因素包括TVPS視覺區辨、TVPS視覺記憶、TVPS視覺空間、DTVP空間位置、VMI視知覺補充測驗,共六項分測驗;「形狀恆定」因素包括TVPS視覺形狀恆定、TVPS視覺封閉、DTVP形狀恆定、DTVP視覺封閉,共四項分測驗;「圖形背景」因素包括DTVP圖形背景、TVPS視覺圖形背景,共兩項分測驗。信度考驗顯示皆達標準。 2.視知覺各分測驗之間以及其與作業智力分測驗得分之間皆達.01顯著正相關。比較發展正常及發展遲緩兩組時,兩組在各項視知覺功能測驗皆達顯著差異,排除智商的影響後,發展遲緩組可在DTVP形狀恆定分測驗達顯著差異。區分為四、五、六歲三個年齡層組時,顯示三年齡層視知覺功能都尚正在發展中。在預測部分, DTVP視覺封閉及DTVP形狀恆定分測驗可有效預測兒童是否有遲緩。 結論:本研究之因素結構適配度良好,大都合乎過去理論背景所述之因素結構,唯模式再認與空間關係能力可能要在年齡更大些才可區分出兩個不同的知覺功能,依發展趨勢可看出所有視知覺功能仍正在發展中,智商高低與兒童視知覺表現連動起伏,排除智能影響後,DTVP形狀恆定仍可用來初步篩檢兒童發展遲緩與否,可成為臨床快速篩檢視知覺功能的工具。本研究提出了涵蓋三大因素結構,且可在最短時間之內取得最豐富的視知覺功能的分測驗組合,整體施測時間約30分鐘,大大降低時間成本,建議評估組套如下:「模式再認與空間關係」因素部分,可選擇TVPS視覺區辨、TVPS視覺記憶、TVPS視覺空間關係的組合,在「形狀恆定」則可選擇DTVP形狀恆定、DTVP視覺封閉的組合,「圖形背景」則可選擇TVPS的圖形背景分測驗,可供臨床使用參考。

並列摘要


Abstract Visual perceptual problems are common in children with developmental retardation and learning disorder, which also affect activities of living, academic, writing, and reading skills. Early detection of functional visual perception difficulties in the preschool period provides intervention at a critical period. Therefore, it is crucial for clinical workers to find effective assessment tools. This research was designed to explore the factor structure of preschool children’s visual perception function presented in a visual perception battery composed of parts of several standardized visual perception tests. The second goal was to compare visual perceptional performance of ordinary children and children with developmental delay. The Test of Visual Perception Skill (non-motor) Revised, Developmental Test of Visual Perception Second Edition, and The Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration have been administered to assess the visual perceptual function of children with developmental delay. 111 children were recruited from rehabilitation institution and schools as sample. The structural equation modeling analysis of the visual perception test battery reveals 3 factors: pattern recognition and spatial relationships, form constancy, and figure ground. The results of positive correlations within the visual perception subtests and between the performance intelligence subtests are statistically significant. According to the performance on the visual perception subtests of this research, the children with developmental delay performed significantly lower scores than ordinary children. Form constancy of DTVP can predict developmental level. This study suggests that the most efficient visual perception assessment tool sets involve three factors. Selecting visual discrimination (TVPS), visual memory (TVPS), visual spatial relationships (TVPS) tests are suggested for the factor of pattern recognition and spatial relationships. Form Constancy (DTVP), Visual Closure (DTVP) tests are recommended for the factor of form constancy. Last, figure-ground (TVPS) is also suggested for the factor of figure ground. Future research could provide further information based on the findings of this research.

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