論刑事被告於偵查中受律師協助之權利―以選任權、在場權、交流權及閱卷權為中心

The study of the right of the accused for assistance of counsel under investigation phase ―Focuses on “right of counsel”, “right of presence”, “right of contact” and “right of inspection”

陳志隆(Chi-Long Chen)

指導教授 ： 鄭善印

中原大學/商學院/財經法律研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200901155

摘要

就刑事訴訟程序之運作過程而論，偵查程序之重要性絕對不亞於審判程序，原因在於刑事案件之被告或犯罪嫌疑人多屬不懂法律之人，而其於偵查程序起動之初，即須面對法律知識及實務經驗豐富之檢、警機關，再加上大多數的被告或犯罪嫌疑人並無自行蒐集證據的能力，特別是在身體遭到拘束的情況時更加顯著。因此，考慮到雙方在地位上之不對等，為了保護其防禦之權利，所以賦予其受律師協助之權利。此外，刑事訴訟法於2003年9月起實施訴訟新制後，使得辯護活動較有揮灑的空間而辯護人的角色亦顯得更加重要。惟制度面雖作了重大的變革，但因仍有許多配套措施未能相應地配合，導致實務之運作上產生許多法律上的疑義。
籍由相關問題的分析與檢討，俾使犯罪嫌疑人及刑事被告受律師協助之權利能獲得更大的保障，乃本文撰寫之動機及目的。本文之研究方法為：文獻探討法、比較分析法以及綜合歸納法。而本文各章之內容，除第一章為緒論外，其餘各章之內容概述如下：
在第二章中，本文即先針對律師權在憲法上的定位作深入的探討，蓋目前刑事訴訟法就辯護制度之規範及實務之運作，仍有許多不盡完善之處，惟有藉由憲法基本權之設，才能供刑事訴訟法制在未來之修法和實務運作有所遵循。
在第三章中，本文即分別就偵查與審判程序二個不同的階段來探討律師權之功能及目的上之差異，並就現行刑事訴訟法對於偵查中之律師權所設下之諸多限制提出批評與檢討。
在第四章中，本文針對律師權中較具重要性的子權利，即選任權、在場權、交流權及閱卷權，分成四個小節來做深入的分析及探討，並就現行規範以及實務運作上之缺失，參酌國外相關法制和學說提出本文之見解及修法上之建議。
第五章則是本文的結論。在該章中本文先將前面各個章節的結論，做重點式的總結；其次，再將本文於第三章及第四章中，針對律師權之憲法定位及各項重要的子權利，所提出之批評及修法建議作條列式的整理，讓研究的結論能更為清楚的凸顯出來。

關鍵字

閱卷權 ； 交流權 ； 在場權 ； 選任權 ； 辯護制度 ； 律師權

並列摘要

With respect to the operational procedure of process of criminal proceedings, the investigation proceedings are absolutely more important than the trial proceedings, the reason is that mostly the accused or suspect are not quite familiar with the law, and in the beginning of investigation proceedings they are inevitable to face the court prosecutors, police institutions who have sufficient law knowledge and practical experience; further, mostly the accused or suspect have no capability of evidence collection, particularly when they are constrained. Hence, considering the unequal conditions of both parties, and the protection of defense right, the right for assistance of counsel is to be offered. Besides, after the new version of criminal proceeding act entered into effect in September of 2003, the space of defense activity becomes larger than ever before, and the defense counsel gets to play a more important role. Even though there have been crucial change of the system aspect, it still lacks substantial corresponding-measures for the event, resulting in the arising of legal doubts frequently in practice.

Through the analysis and review of relative problem, we attempt to ensure the right for assistance of counsel of the accused and suspect to larger extent; it is the motive and purpose of this essay. Our research methods include “Documentary review”, “Comparison and analysis”, “Comprehensive sorting”. Regarding the content of this article, the chapter 1 is for instructions, outlines of the rest chapters are as follows:

In chapter 2, the essay at first discusses lawyer right deeply in terms of its constitutional position, as there are still many defective points in the defense system and practice with the criminal proceedings act. The modification and practice of criminal proceedings act may have standard norm to conform to only depending on the foundation of fundamental right.

In chapter 3, we attempt to probe into the function of lawyer right and purpose difference by examining the investigation proceedings and trial proceedings respectively, to criticize and review those limits on lawyer right imposed by the criminal proceedings act currently.

In chapter 4, the essay highlights a number of important sub rights of lawyer right, namely “right of counsel”, “right of presence”, “right of contact”, “right of inspection”, this chapter is divided into four sections for deeper analysis. With regard to the defects at present, it presents a couple of opinions and suggestions for modification of law with references from foreign systems and theories.

Chapter 5 is for summary, which summarizes the key points mentioned in earlier chapters; next is to detail and integrate the proposals for law modification regarding the constitutional position of lawyer right and important sub rights as descriptions in chapter 3 and chapter 4, thereby clearly outstanding the research summary.

並列關鍵字

right of presence ； right of inspection ； defense system ； right of counsel ； right of contact ； right of the accused for assistance of counsel

參考文獻

5.李惠宗，憲法要義，2002年初版。

12.黃朝義，刑事訴訟法，一品出版，2007年8月。

10.中華民國律師公會全國聯合會主辦，刑事基本權入憲座談會

34.律師與人權座談會(北區場)，中華民國律師公會全國聯合會

35.律師與人權座談會(中區場)，中華民國律師公會全國聯合會