人在生理、心理上是有個別差異性的。對於人的生理上差異,在文獻上已有許多成熟的研究,但心理上的差異,有些行為心理學家如Watson、Skinner認為學習心理理論必須限於可觀察的行為,但其他心理學者確發現,認知在學習過程中佔有極重要地位。 本研究主要目的是以場獨立型與場依賴型兩種不同認知風格類型人員為受測對象。另外欲了解年齡在認知風格上是否會有不同影響表現,在受測者中除分類認知風格類型外,並再予以分為青壯年、中高年兩者。本實驗採取2×2×2混合式多因子設計,受測者共有32位,以信號偵測(Signal Detection Test,SDT)測試軟體為實驗測試介面,給予受測者在無參照錨點的持續性注意及有參照錨點持續性注意兩種不同情境作業要求,搜集兩種類型的受測者在信號偵測結果、整體辨識反應時間與視域正確率、NASA心智負荷主觀評量等數據,予以統計分析,以探討了解不同認知風格類型是否會產生不同成效與績效表現,做為企業在進行工作作業分配、選才訓練處方之參考。 實驗結果,兩類不同認知風格人員對情境化偵檢作業績效表現在整體辨識反應時間、視域正確率、任務激發的成效上確實存在有不同的反應效果與影響,且在整體辨識反應時間上具有顯著差異,其中整體場獨立者績效表現比整體場依賴者佳,場獨立者績效表現受年齡的影響比場依賴者受年齡影響小。另在情境激發效應,在訊號偵測結果、視域正確率等均具有顯著差異。
There are many differences for people between physiology and psychology. For physiology, there exists many literatures investigate. For psychology, the Watson and Skinner etc. they believed that learning physiological theories have to limit in observer behaviors. But the others they found that cognitive are very importance in learning process. This study is concerned two cognitive styles the field independence and field dependence whether or not different performance with signal detection test (SDT). Furthermore, we want to know the effect of cognitive on age, subjects have two groups, one is younger and the other is older. The experiment of 2×2×2 mixed design with thirty-two subjects was adopted in each test. We test subjects on two situated task. One is sustained attention task. The other is give an anchoring hit and keeping sustained attention task. From the testing we collected data: signal detection result, reaction time and visual correct percentage and object assessment to statistical analysis. The experiment result, we found the two cognitive styles have different performance and the reaction time has significant differences. The subjects of field independence performance are better than subjects of field dependence. And, effect of age on subjects of field independence performance is littler than subjects of field dependence. Effect of situated task on signal detection result and visual correct percentage are significant differences. Base on these initial finding in the experiment, it provides the business management a guideline as how to put the task distribution and training policy for different cognitive styles.