實際用電行為結合永續行為的產品設計策略之驗證與個人行為意圖之影響

證據顯示全球暖化以及氣候變遷的影響越來越嚴重，因此我們勢必要立即採取行動，避免禍及我們的後代子孫，許多學者提倡永續發展的觀念，然而態度與行為的改變是一個複雜的工作，單一資訊並無法改變態度與行為之間的差距。根據聯合國2005年的統計資料顯示，臺灣家庭人均用電量在全球排名位居第32名，高於許多已開發國家，如：英國、德國，從1970年代的能源危機至目前面臨的環境問題，住宅節能一直是重要的研究議題，由此很明顯的家庭能夠改善的節約用電空間仍然很大。產品本身的設計，會影響使用者執行永續行為的意願，良好的永續行為設計應具有能讓使用者清楚知道永續的設計意圖，並且能夠引起人們反思本身行為對於環境的影響。因為能源具有無形性，可視化資源的存在與耗用程度，或者即時顯示資源的耗用狀態，讓使用者眼見為憑的設計策略已被證實是友好自然和環境的設計。產品使用行為涉及本身意圖或直覺，了解影響人類行為的心理因素與決定模式，有助於預測與促進永續行為。過往以行為意圖，研究實際用電量為參數的研究中，其資料來源大多是消費者自我回報的能源使用量，但是，顯而易見的，自我回報的行為和實際行為之間是有落差的。因此，本研究旨在利用智慧家庭的相關技術，實際建置一個實體系統蒐集相關數據，透過驗證永續行為設計中之生態反饋設計策略：用電量耗用狀態的資訊揭露，並同時以問卷調查影響個人永續行為意圖的心理社會決定因素、個人親環境行為意圖和人口統計變數。實證研究結果顯示，具有使用中會顯示耗能資訊的永續行為設計策略對使用者在實際用電行為上有顯著性的影響，並透過逐步迴歸分析法，得到行使家電節能行為的欲望對給予用電量資訊後以及給予用電量資訊前後用電行為的差異有顯著的預測力以及環保行為的心理影響感知會對給予用電量資訊後的用電行為有顯著的預測力。最後提出可行的建議，期望未來產品設計時，須先了解個人行為的前因，再依此制定永續行為流程與策略，融合實務上的應用，才能減少從事永續行為的障礙，是藉由產品促進永續行為的最好方法與途徑。

關鍵字

永續行為設計；親環境行為；計畫行為理論；實際用電行為

並列摘要

Evidences have shown that the impact of global warming and climate change are getting worse and worse. Therefore, it’s inevitable to take action immediately to protect our planet. A lot of scholars have advocated the concept of sustainable development, but it’s difficult to change people’s attitudes and behaviors just by some information. According to the statistics of United Nations in 2005, average family electricity consumption in Taiwan ranked 32nd in the world ranking, it was higher than many developed countries such as: England and Germany. Since the 1970’s energy crisis till environmental problems in nowadays, residential energy has been an important issues, so it’s clear that there are still lots of improvement of saving residential energy. The design of the product should be affect the willingness of users’ sustainable behavior. Good design for sustainable behavior should allow users to clearly aware of the intent of sustainable design and make people think the impact of environment. Because energy is intangible, making users see existence and consumption of resources has proven to be an environmentally-friendly design strategy. Product acts involving intention or intuition, to understand the psychological factors affecting human behavior and decision models will help us predict and promote sustainable behavior. Previous studies on behavior intention toward actual energy consumption usually got the data from self-return of consumer. However, obviously, self-return behavior is sometimes different from actual behavior. As a result, this study aims to build a real system to collect the relevant data by information and communication technologies to confirm one of eco-feedback design strategy: electricity consumption state information revealed. At the same time, using questionnaires to collect psychosocial determinants of sustainable behavioral intentions, individual pro-environmental behavior intention and demographic variables. The empirical results show that the real-time energy consumption information display significantly affects actual energy consumption behavior. Besides, by stepwise regression analysis, we got that desire of energy-saving action has significant predictive power to the energy consumption behavior after given by information and the difference of energy consumption behavior between given by information before and after, and perceived psychological consequences of environmentally friendly behavior has significant predictive power to the energy consumption behavior after given by information. Finally, this study will give some advices and expect that product design in the future could consider individual intention first and then develop sustainable behavior strategies, combine application in affairs in order to reduce the barriers of carrying out sustainable behavior. That is the best way to promote sustainable behavior by product design.

並列關鍵字

Design for sustainable behavior ； Pro-environmental behavior ； Theory of planned behavior ； Actual energy consumption

參考文獻

張怡萱、林喻東、鄧書麟、劉癸君，”新環境典範態度與負責任環境行為關係之探討

Abrahamse, W., and Steg, L., “How do socio-demographic and Psychological factors relate to households’ direct and indirect energy use and savings? “Journal of Economic Psychology, 30(5), 711-720, 2009.

Ajzen, I., “The theory of planned behavior,” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 179-211, 1991.

Ajzen, I., and Manstead, A. S. R., “Changing health-related behaviors: An approach based on the theory of planned behavior”, In K. van den Bos, M. Hewstone, J. de, 2007.

Bamberg, S., “How does environmental concern inﬂuence speciﬁc environmentally related behaviors? A new answer to and old question.” Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23, 21–32, 2003.

國際替代計量

實際用電行為結合永續行為的產品設計策略之驗證與個人行為意圖之影響

未授權

主題瀏覽