倪柝聲「十架神學」之研究

A study of Watchman Nee’s Idea on the “Theology of the Cross”

郭振宇(Cheng-Yu Kuo)

指導教授 ： 曾慶豹 ； 吳昶興

中原大學/人文與教育學院/宗教研究所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201500851

摘要

倪柝聲（Watchman Nee,1903-1972)是上個世紀二十年代，在中國地方教會發展的開拓者。2009年7月30日，美國國會眾議院表彰倪柝聲，肯定中國基督教界這位偉大先驅的浩瀚作品與成就。倪氏於青少年時代，在福州三一書院，接受西方教會的教育，他人生的規劃是在畢業後，要赴美繼續深造。但他蒙恩後，留在中國，並出版多份刊物如《復興報》、《基督徒報》，並撰寫《靈修指微》、《屬靈人》與《正常的基督徒生活》等經典著作。

本論文聚焦於倪柝聲「十架神學」之研究。倪氏所關注議題是魂生命為十字架對付的情形。他認為釘十字架的基督，乃是一位住在信徒裡面，供給信徒一切屬靈需要的基督。十字架不只是基督「個人」的十字架；它是包羅萬有的十字架。神已經把信徒都放在祂的兒子裏面，並且在祂裏面把信徒都釘十字架。但是，在信徒的魂裏，有一種不受約束的發展，一種不合時宜的長大，是必須抑制並對付的。神必須把這些除去。同時，本文嘗試以「救恩次序」的視角，將其思想歸納為三大類，並十五項來呈現倪氏十架神學的建構。倪氏指出捨棄魂的生命，並非如脫離罪那麼的快速。信徒必須天天揀選神的生命。信徒要學習兩個功課：一面是神這一位的生命上升，另一面是信徒魂生命的受制和治死。所以，信徒應當仰望那輕看羞辱，忍受十字架的主耶穌。祂的魂如何感覺羞辱，而又如何輕看，如何忍受十字架，乃是信徒願意走十字架道路者的目標。當信徒以主的死來治死他身體的惡行時，必須相信聖靈，叫十字架的死，在信徒所要治死的點上實行無礙。所以，聖靈在信徒的身上，是使信徒能治死身體的關鍵因素。最終，信徒的罪身滅絕並藉十字架脫離肉體的掌權，得以在復活的生命中與主耶穌聯合。但是神不停在這裏，在這十字架裡面，祂也使那關於教會的永遠計畫可以成就，再無失敗的可能。
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總之，倪柝聲確信主死而復活的事實，如何是信徒蒙神喜悅的根據，照樣死而復活的原則也是信徒為祂活著並事奉祂的根基。信徒如果不認識死的原則和復活的原則，就不能作神真正的僕人。所以信徒不當再依靠魂生命而活，而是信靠神兒子的生命而活。所以，十字架的工作有兩個結果，直接關係到神的目的實現在信徒裡面裏面。一方面十字架釋放神的生命，使祂藉著內住的靈，得以在信徒裏面有所作為。另一方面，使背十字架可以實踐在教會裡。這就是信徒與主合作，接受祂的死在信徒裡面天天作工，使天然的人逐漸被帶到順服聖靈的地位上。信徒的生活必須憑藉魂生命交付在十字架，來否認魂生命來實踐屬靈的操練，適足以面對當今教會事工及時之需。

關鍵字：倪柝聲、十架神學、救恩次序、否認魂生命、屬靈操練

關鍵字

倪柝聲、十架神學、救恩次序、否認魂生命

並列摘要

Watchman Nee (1903-1972) was a trailblazer of Chinese christian at local Church movement in the 1920s. July 30, 2009, the US House of Representatives recognized Watchman Nee as a great innovation of Chinese Christian community due to his massive spiritual works and achievement. Watchman Nee had finished a Western education at Fuzhou Trinity College. After graduating from his study, he had the career planning for further studies in US. However, due to his having faith in Jesus Christ,he started his new career as a writer in Christian journals and works instead. Such as “The Present Testimony” and “The Christian”, and his writing books of “The Christian Life And Warfare” , “ The spiritual Man” and “The normal Christian life” for sure. Simultaneously, Watchman Nee vigorously fostered the idea on the “Theology of The Cross” in his works.
This article concentrates on Watchman Nee’s “Theology of The Cross” that a believer’s soul-life be dealt with on the cross of Jesus Christ, leading the crucified Christ living in a believer. Consequently, the cross of Christ is not only a personal sophisticate; but also it is an all-inclusive cross for everyone's aspiration. The considerable connotation of Watchman Nee paves the way in his cogitation of comprehension how to repudiate and deny one’s soul-life. God has put His believer in His Son, and a believer was crucified with Him of the cross. Watchman Nee pointed out a believer’s soul-life having an uncontrolled development, an untimely growth has to be investigated.
A study of Watchman Nee’s Idea on the “Theology of the Cross” conveys the cogitation by salvation order with three categories, with fifteen items. In Watchman Nee’s opinion that forsaking the soul-life is not as quick as being delivered from sin, one must be willing not to live by soul-life but choose the life of God instead.
III
Thus, the cross in believers has to be borne faithfully each time more than the time before. A believer must commit to memory these two exhortations: a rising up of the life of God, and a checking and a handing over to death of that a believer’s soul-life. Therefore, a believer should look away unto the Lord Jesus who, despising the shame, endured the cross. The way His soul felt about the shame, despising it and enduring the
cross, is the goal for those of us willing to tread the path of the cross. A believer wanting to put to death the practices of the body must depend on the Holy Spirit to make his co-death with Christ become experience. And, a believer must believe that the Holy Spirit will cause the death of the cross to become real in the particular matter which he wants to put to death. Nevertheless, if the evil deeds of the body seem about to operate, then the Spirit should be there to exploit the death which the cross of the Lord Jesus consummates for a believer to nefarious deed that it might be put to death by the propulsion of the Lord’s death. If the believer can put to death in his actual application, the indwelling Holy Spirit will be able to accomplish God’s target that the body of sin might be annihilated. When believers know the cross in this way, they can be liberated from the sovereignty of the flesh and be joined to the Lord Jesus in the life of resurrection. And God has made all supplying for a believer’s redemption in the Cross of Christ, but God has not stopped there. In that Cross God has made secure beyond possibility of failure that eternal plan regarding the church as well .
In conclusion, Watchman Nee evinced that the intrinsic value of a believer’s salvation is the presentation of the Lord's death and resurrection; but the status of a
believer’s services are no less definite. Just as the fact of the death and resurrection of the Lord is the ground of a believer’s acceptance with God, so the principle of death and resurrection is the underlying foundation of a believer’s life services for Him. No one can be a true servant of God without knowing the conviction of death and
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resurrection. Watchman Nee deems that a believer no longer depends on his soul-life, on the other side, the believer has faith in the Son of God. Since the work of the Cross has two consequences which bear directly upon the realizing of that purpose in believer. On the one hand it has issued in the release of His life that it may find practice in believer through the indwelling Spirit. On the other hand it has made bearing the cross possible. It means that a believer’s co-operation in the daily working of Jesus’ death on the cross , through the bringing of the natural man progressively into a place of subjection to the Holy Spirit. Therefore, a believer’s soul-life must be delivered on the cross, denying the soul-life to the practice of spiritual exercises so as to meet timely need in the services of church nowadays.

Key Words: Watchman Nee, Theology of The Cross, Salvation order , Denying the
soul-life, Spiritual exercise.

並列關鍵字

Watchman Nee, Theology of The Cross, Salvation order , Denying the soul-life.

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