臺北市鐵道沿線之工廠變遷對都市發展影響之研究

從世界文化資產的發展歷程，可以發現到文化資產所涵蓋的範圍與項目，因時代的演變而逐漸發生轉變。從早期保存文化歷史紀念物的觀念，逐漸發展到自然遺產與複合遺產項目的保存上。另外，對於18世紀時期的工業革命，將人類社會的生產方式、產業型態發展、鄉鎮聚落、交通運輸、居住環境、社會結構等，皆帶來重大的轉變，使得人類社會走向新世代的發展。因此，工業發展時期所出現的廠房、機械設備等，對於人類歷史有著重大的價值，見證了人們走向現代化的歷程，是形成今日現代都市樣貌的關鍵因素。綜觀臺灣各個歷史時期發展歷程，了解到社會產業結構的變遷對於整體都市發展的影響，無論是從社會環境變遷、人們的生活日常、都市計畫發展等面向，皆能看見兩者相互之間的關係是十分緊密的。時至今日，臺灣各個主要城市已邁入現代化的都市樣貌，昔日促進都市範圍擴張的工業活動，如今因社會中產業結構轉變與產業外移早已沉寂下來。然而，都市中卻留下許多閒置的產業遺址空間，偌大的廠房空間蘊含著多元的本土文化特色，對於居住在都市中的人們而言，是共同擁有的空間記憶。本研究以臺北市作為研究項目，首先以時間的角度區分出各個時期的臺北市，再從中觀看臺北市整體的都市歷程，發現到工業產業發展與縱貫線鐵路建設，是促使臺北市快速都市發展的主要原因。另外，隨著社會中產業結構的變更，臺北市的都市空間發展亦開始出現變化，連帶的影響都市計畫的發展走向。現今在臺北市的都市地景中，東西向縱貫鐵道已完成地下化工程，但依舊能在舊時東西向縱貫鐵路的軸線上，發現到過去工業發展時期所遺留下的產業遺產、場所特性等，這些無形與有形的文化特質，能夠應用於臺北市未來的都市發展，敘寫出臺北市特有的空間故事，同時達到都市空間活化、形塑都市自我識別性的目的。產業遺產再利用有助於都市空間的活化，企圖達到都市永續發展的目標。但以臺北市過往的都市發展歷程中，依然能夠發現到許多對於產業遺產保護與再利用相關的問題。 1. 尚未具備文化資產保存的觀念，時常為了都市土地開發伴隨而來的龐大利益，選擇破壞產業遺產，導致珍貴的產業文化消失。 2. 產業遺產再利用的策略上，並沒有以整體都市發展作為規劃的走向，時常忽略與周邊區塊與都市整體的空間關係，造成產業遺產與區塊中原有的空間特性遭到破壞，喪失了原有的空間故事。 3. 產業遺產再利用空間新機能的置入，尚未與鄰近區塊的機能需求結合，罔顧整體區塊的活化，以獲取商業收益做為出發點，導致產業遺產空間的價值虛化。因此，本研究透過目前發現到的產業遺產再利用與保存的問題，提出相對應的建議。重新分析產業遺產價值的層面關係，透過內部與外部環境、時間與空間、人與場所，三大層面所產生的互動關係，提出以都市開發下的產業遺產再利用策略之建議。現今國際對於都市發展的趨勢，是形塑出具有識別性的都市特質，企圖保留各個地方的多元文化特色，避免在追求現代化開發的過程之中，喪失掉原有地區中所蘊含的地方特色。另外，形塑出具有自身特色的都市，能夠吸引大量的觀光客到此旅遊，感受特有的都市氛圍，替都市經濟帶來龐大的觀光收益。因此，產業遺產再利用策略與都市整體發展的相互結合，是必然的結果。一個成功的都市行銷，不僅只是建立在新穎的高樓建築與都市樣貌之上，更多時候都市整體特有文化營造，是能夠吸引人們前來的關鍵因素。而產業遺產本身所蘊含的文化價值，若能以再利用的形式與都市整體計畫發展的結合，能夠替都市本身帶來特有文化形塑的目的，更能對都市空間帶來活化的作用。另外，產業遺產的再利用，使其轉換為都市中的公共領域，能夠讓市民貼近以往封閉的廠房空間，了解到都市過往的歷史，認知到產業遺產保存的重要性，喚醒市民集體對於都市空間保存的意識，進而延續人們對於都市空間的情感，創造出都市的情感凝聚力。

關鍵字

產業遺址；產業變遷；都市開發；都市文化形塑；文化資產；空間活化

並列摘要

From the development of world cultural assets, we can see that the scope and projects covered by cultural assets may gradually change due to the evolution of the times. From the early concept of preservation of cultural and historical monuments, it gradually develops into the preservation of natural heritage and mixed heritage projects. In addition, the industrial revolution of the 18th century brought about major changes to the production methods, industrial pattern development, township settlements, transportation, living environment, and social structure of human society, which leads to the development of human society toward new generations. Therefore, the factory buildings, machinery and equipment that emerged during the industrial development period have great value for human history, because they witness the course of people's development toward modernization, and they are the key factors in shaping the appearance of modern cities today. Over the history of Taiwan’s historical development, whether it is from changes in the social environment, daily life of people, or the development of urban planning and other aspects, it is clear that the relationship between the changes in the social industrial structure and the overall urban development is very close. To date, major cities in Taiwan have changed to the modern urban appearance. Industrial activities that previously promoted the expansion of urban areas have now been silent because of changes in the industrial structure of the society and the relocation of industries. However, there are many idle industrial heritage sites in the city. The vast factory space contains a diversity of local cultural characteristics, and it is a space memory commonly owned by people living in the city. This study took Taipei City as the target. First, it divided Taipei City into different periods from the perspective of time, and then it observed the overall urban history of Taipei City from them. It found that the development of the industry and the construction of the straight-through railway were the main reasons for driving the rapid urban development of Taipei City. In addition, with the change of the industrial structure in the society, the urban space development in Taipei City has also begun to change, which has jointly affected the development direction of urban planning. Nowadays, in the urban landscape of Taipei City, the east-west straight-through railway has completed underground construction, but it is still possible to discover the industrial inheritance and site characteristics left over by the previous industrial development period from the old east-west straight-through railway line. These intangible and tangible cultural characteristics can be applied to the future urban development of Taipei City and to describe the unique space story of Taipei City. At the same time, they can be used to achieve the purpose of activating the urban space and shaping the self-identity of the city. The reuse of industrial heritage contributes to the activation of urban space and thus achieves the goal of sustainable urban development. However, from the past urban development in Taipei City, many problems related to the protection and reuse of industrial heritage can still be found. 4. There is still no concept of cultural asset preservation, and the industrial heritage is often destroyed due to the enormous benefits that accompany urban development, leading to the disappearance of precious industrial culture. 5. As for the strategy of industrial heritage reuse, the overall urban development is not taken as the direction of planning, and the spatial relationship between the surrounding block and the whole urban is often overlooked, resulting in the destruction of the original spatial characteristics of the industrial heritage and the block, as well as the loss of the original space story. 6. The introduction of new functions in the industrial heritage reuse space has not yet been combined with the functional requirements of the neighboring blocks, failing to take into account the activation of the entire block. It starts with gaining commercial income, leading to the devaluation of the industrial heritage space. Therefore, this study proposed corresponding recommendations according to the problems of industrial heritage reuse and preservation that have been discovered so far. It re-analyzed the relationship between the levels of industrial heritage value and put forward suggestions for the reuse strategy of industrial heritage under urban development through the interactive relationship between three levels, namely, the internal and external environment, time and space, people and places. At present, the trend of urban development in the international arena is to create the distinctive urban traits so as to preserve the multicultural characteristics of various places and avoid losing the local characteristics contained in the original region during the process of pursuing modern development. In addition, the shaping of the city with its own characteristics can attract a large number of tourists to visit and experience the unique urban atmosphere, and bring huge tourism income to the urban economy. Therefore, the combination of industrial heritage reuse strategy and urban overall development is the inevitable result. A successful urban marketing is not only based on novel high-rise buildings and urban appearance. More often than not, the creation of the overall urban unique culture is a key factor that can attract people. If the cultural value contained in the industrial heritage itself can be combined with the overall urban development planning in the form of reuse, it can bring about unique cultural shaping for the city itself and even bring about the activation function to the urban space. In addition, the reuse of industrial heritage could transform it into the public area in the city, enabling citizens to see the closed factories, learn about the history of the city, recognize the importance of industrial heritage preservation, and awaken citizens’ consciousness to urban space preservation. It can further continue people's feelings about the urban space and create the emotional cohesion of the city.