室內空間照明用電密度標準之探討-以住宅客廳為例

國內住宅用電量逐年攀升下，身處二十一世紀的我們開始重視環保、節能、減碳，但一昧降低照明用電量，有可能導致室內照度不足的問題。若能適當地節省住宅照明用電量，不但可維持適當的照度也對日常節能之效果有極大的幫助。市面上充斥著五花八門的燈具種類，國人購買時仍會以高瓦數作為決定挑選燈泡的單一理由，認為光源瓦數高空間就會亮，卻忽略不同燈泡類型的效果及實質上客廳光環境的質量。本研究針對國內住宅客廳作為對象，探討不同照明形式以及環境因子對國內客廳的用電密度之影響，並以 162 種照明型式及 12 組反射率進行彙整二維數據圖，提出客廳用電密度值參考。本研究將實驗分為兩個階段，一方面控制人工光源之類型、燈具配置、瓦數組成變項，進一步以電腦模擬方式探討住宅客廳之適宜的用電密度(W/㎡) ，並分析在各種光源、瓦數的條件組成下，住宅客廳平均照度與用電密度值之關聯。另一方面，控制客廳空間的天花板、牆面及地板常用建材的反射率，以瞭解國內住宅客廳常用材質之反射率所模擬出照度數據，進而提出客廳節省用電密度之建議。本研究之空間樣本是以 3D 模型模擬真實客廳場景再匯入 DIALux evo 進行照明模擬分析，最終以二維數據分析法，將模擬之數據結果以二維數據法探討平均照度及用電密度兩者的關係，並且利用軸線性關係求得住宅適宜用電密度預測趨勢線。研究結果顯示，在照明條件固定下，空間的高度對相同燈具下之照度會有所影響，以客廳整體照度來看，3.0m 的照度會比 2.6m 的照度減少約 10%；另外，以座位區模擬照度來看，3.0m 照度值較 2.6m 照度值減少約 13%。本研究建議客廳整體照明光源用電密度之參考為:LED 燈泡值約為 3.5~10W/㎡、緊湊型燈泡值約為 6~20W/㎡、 PL 型燈泡值約為 6.5~21W/㎡。另外，若在不同反射率之室內環境下，以 LED 燈泡之光源進行模擬照度，反射率高的材質可以增加照度值並且節省不少客廳用電。若以不同光源的照明功率來看，燈具配置 A 達到 CNS 標準照度 150lux~300lux 下所需用電密度值約為 5~12.8W/㎡；燈具配置 B 所需用電密度值約為 5.2~15W/㎡；燈具配置 C 所需用電密度值約為 4.2~9.5W/㎡；燈具配置 D 所需用電密度值約為 6~15.5W/㎡。

關鍵字

客廳照明；照度；用電密度；電腦模擬

並列摘要

With the increase in residential power consumption in Taiwan over the years, we, while living in the 21st Century, are starting to place a premium on environmental conservation, energy-saving measures, and carbon reduction, however, by merely lowering electricity consumption in lighting may lead to insufficient indoor illumination issues. If measures of adequately reducing the power consumption in residential illumination can be undertaken, not only sufficient illuminance can be maintained, it would be very instrumental towards the daily energy-saving efforts. Given the many types of lighting fixture available on the market, high wattage is still the single major purchasing factor for Taiwanese consumers who believe that the higher the wattage of the lighting, the brighter the illuminated space may become, with the oversight of how different light bulb types may contribute to the actual illumination of the living rooms. The research context of this study focuses on the residential living room to explore the effect of different illumination formats, and the relevant environmental factors may have on the power consumption of the residential living rooms in Taiwan, with 162 types of illumination formats and 12 sets of reflective rates in consolidating a dual-axis plot data for the reference of lighting power density in living rooms. This research will carry out experiments in two phases, as on the one hand, with the types of artificial lighting, lighting fixture layout, wattage as the controlled variables, as well as using computer simulation to study the suitable lighting power density (W/㎡) for residential living rooms, while analyzing the correlation between the average illuminance of residential living rooms and the values of lighting power density given the arrays of combined condition matrices of different lighting sources and wattage values. On the other hand, this research seeks to put forth recommendations for the energy-saving lighting power density for residential living rooms while controlling the reflective rates of the building materials often used for the ceilings, walls, and flooring of the living room space hence gaining insight into the illuminance data simulated by adopting the reflective rates of common materials used in residential living rooms. The spatial sampling of this research is based on a 3D models of a real living room scenario imported into DIALux evo for illumination simulation analysis, and ultimately, by using dual-axis data analysis to study the correlation between the average illuminance and lighting power density, as well as using an axial relationship to determine the trend projection of the suitable residential lighting power density. The research result shows that under fixed illumination conditions, the height of the space would have a certain effect on the illuminance of the same lighting fixture, and in terms of the overall illuminance for living rooms, the illuminance for 3-meter height would be approximately 10% less than that of 2.6-meter height; Furthermore, in terms of the simulated illuminance of the seating arrangement, the illuminance value for 3-meter height would be approximately 13% less than that of 2.6-meter height. This research recommends the reference for the lighting power density of the overall illumination lighting source of living rooms are those of approximately 3.5~10W/㎡ for LED light bulbs, approximately 6 ~20 W/ ㎡ for fluorescent light bulbs, and approximately 6.5~21 W/㎡ for PL-type light bulbs. Besides, under the indoor environment of different reflective rates, illuminance simulation, based on LED light bulb light source, shows that materials of high reflective rate would contribute to the increase of illuminance as well as considering saving in power consumption for living rooms. And in terms of illumination power of different lighting sources, in reaching CNS standard illuminance of 150lux ~ 300lux, the required lighting power density for lighting layouts A, B, C, and D are approximately 5~12.8W/㎡, 5.2~15W/㎡, 4.2~9.5W/㎡, and 6~15.5W/㎡ respectively.