考量共用料之供應鏈的物料規劃演算法

隨著產業競爭的壓力越來越大，企業一方面要滿足顧客的微小差異化，一方面要降低成本，因此使用共用料的需求也逐漸增加。共用料庫存因為需要同時滿足一個客戶以上的需求，因客戶對於物料需求等不確定因素而須即時且以客戶需求動態分配物料。這些不確定的變動因素包括：訂單預測的變動、預測與實際投料的差異、供應商的不穩定供貨、客戶的增減與不同層級客戶差異等。共用料庫存管理會因為不確定因素的改變，而進行調整，且每次變動之客戶與數量皆不盡相同，如此不僅人工工時過長，且無法有效進行庫存分配，更無法滿足客戶需求。故本研究主要目的為建構出一套共用料庫存分配系統，針對不同客戶對於共用料庫存的特定需求，設計數學模型，考量共用料庫存、客戶需求、客戶預測值的變動、共用料分配的邏輯，完成共用料庫存的分配。並探討客戶在需求的變動下，以最少的共用料庫存進行分配，讓每位客戶的客戶庫存滿足率趨近100%，以滿足所有客戶對於共用料的需求。

關鍵字

共用料；庫存管理；庫存分配；客戶需求預測

並列摘要

With the increasing pressure of industrial competition, enterprises must satisfy the small differentiation of customers and reduce the costs, so the demand of common parts is increasing. The stock of common parts needs to satisfy more than one customer at the same time. Customers must dynamically allocate materials in a timely and based on customer demand for uncertainties in material requirements. The uncertain factors include Changes in order forecasts, differences in forecasts and actual inputs, unstable supply from suppliers, increase or decrease in customers, differences with customers at different levels, etc. The stock management of the common parts will be adjusted due to the change of uncertainties, and the customer and quantity will not be the same for each change. Therefore, not only the labor time is too long, but also the inventory allocation cannot be effectively performed, and the customer's demand cannot be satisfied. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to programming the allocation system of common parts. According to the specific requirement of customers for the stock of common parts, design the mathematical model, consider the stock of common parts, customer demand, changes in customer forecast, logic of allocation. Finally, complete the distribution of the stock of the shared materials. Based on the uncertainty of demand, with the least stock of common parts, so that each customer's Order Fill Rate is close to 100%, to satisfy all customer demand for common parts.