絲餅搬運作業之人因評估： 以某傳統紡織廠為例

隨著我國產業的發展，經濟型態的轉變，人力作業逐漸被機械化所取代，將工作站導入大量自動化，但仍有許多物流業、製造業、傳統產業等中小型企業礙於現實環境、成本、產品特性的限制下，仍仰賴人工的方式進行基本的搬運、包裝、上架等相關作業。根據我國職業衛生安全法第6條第2項規定，雇主應妥善規劃與採取必要的安全衛生措施予勞工，預防重複性作業可能促發的肌肉骨骼傷病，並提供適當的輪班作業與工時。經由KIM-LHC檢核表評估傳統紡織廠的絲餅搬運上架作業，結果顯示該作業於第三級的風險值，中高負載作業，建議對此作業的進行改善。由於傳統紡織廠內大部分的設施皆是配合機具與生產線而設計，且每項大型機具、物料架推車、運送推車都是屬於特殊規格，並沒有以人員的角度進行規畫考量，因此本研究將探討人員在進行絲餅搬運上架時物料架高度與推車高度之間的關係，並提出最適合人員的作業高度組合。本研究將透過模擬搬運上架作業的方式進行實驗性評估，比較作業人員在不同高度組合作業之情形，模擬作業將使用原始現場作業之物料架高度(50公分、110公分、170公分)與推車高度(50公分)，並額外的提出兩項假設性推車高度(75公分、100公分)，探討不同物料架高度與不同推車高度對於受測者作業時的生理變化量之關係。實驗共招募10位男性受測者，以Borg-10、肌肉電位訊號放大器蒐集受測者在進行作業時的上斜方肌、肱二頭肌肌肉變化量與主觀自覺施力評量。實驗結果顯示，受測者在進行絲餅搬運上架作業時，主觀自覺施力評量分數對於物料架高度與推車高度顯著P值為0.000，上斜方肌%MVC與肱二頭肌%MVC則僅有物料架高度顯著P值分別為0.000、0.001，完成變異數分析後將以ANOM主要因子分析的方式得到最適合作業人員的作業高度。最後本研究結果顯示物料架高度110公分與推車高度100公分為最適合人員作業高度之組合，減少作業人員不必要的過高的抬舉與過低的彎腰姿勢，降低職業性肌肉骨骼傷病的發生。

關鍵字

職業性肌肉骨骼傷病、KIM-LHC檢核表、搬運上架作業、肌肉電位訊號、主觀自覺施力評量

並列摘要

With the development of economy, manual human work is gradually replaced by automation. Nowadays, factories have been using automated systems in their production lines. Despite the use of automated system, many Taiwanese enterprises still depend on manual work due to limited space, cost, and product features. According to the second paragraph of Article 6 of the Occupational Health and Safety Law of our country, employers should properly plan and take necessary safety and health measures to the workers, prevent musculoskeletal injuries that may be caused by repetitive operations, and provide appropriate shift system and working hours. The KIM-LHC checklist was used to evaluate the handling of the thread rolls in the traditional textile factory. The results showed that the operation was at the third level of risk value, medium and high load operation, and it is recommended to improve the operation. Since most of the facilities in traditional textile factories are designed to match the machine tools and production lines, each large-scale machine, material shelf cart, and transport cart are special specifications, and are not considered from the perspective of personnel. This study will explore the relationship between the height of the material shelf and the height of the cart when carrying the thread rolls to the shelf, and propose the working height combination that best suits the personnel. This study will conduct an experimental evaluation by simulating the handling of the shelfing operations, and compare the operation of the workers at different heights. The simulation will use the original shelf height (50 cm, 110 cm, and 170 cm) and the cart. Height (50 cm), and additionally proposed two other hypothetical cart heights (75 cm, 100 cm) to explore the relationship between the height of different material shelfs and the height of different carts for the physiological changes in the subject's working. A total of 10 male subjects were enrolled in the experiment. The Borg-10 and an electromyography amplifier were used to collect the upper trapezius, biceps muscle changes and RPE of the subject during the operation. The experimental results show that the index of RPE has a significant P value of 0.000 for the height of the material shelf and the height of the cart. The upper trapezius muscle %MVC and the biceps %MVC only have a significant material shelf height P value of 0.000 and 0.001, respectively. After ANOVA is completed, the working height of the most suitable operator will be obtained by means of ANOM. Finally, the results of this study show that the height of the material frame is 110 cm and the height of the cart is 100 cm, which is the most suitable combination of the height of the work. It reduces the unnecessary high handing and low bending postures of the operator and reduces the occupational musculoskeletal injury occurring.