產品設計與品質追蹤溯源之系統化分析模式

現今如果產品不能持續改進和創新，產品將很快被其他競爭對手的產品所取代甚至淘汰，所以兼具效率與效益的研發程序是個關鍵。對於如何描述產品開發的內容，除了事先進行適當的分類外，對產品設計要求深思熟慮的定義，有非常重要的作用。因此，本研究根據一套四階層關聯式設計條件分類模式，建立正向與逆向關係矩陣，利用TRIZ中的48個工程參數和矛盾矩陣構建統一的「產品設計履歷」，實現品質追蹤與可溯源性的系統分析。當問題發生時，不再只是解決表象缺點，而是解決核心關鍵缺點。本研究為了建立產品設計品質的管理機制，基於四階層關聯式設計條件分類模式，包含設計目的、設計需求、設計參數與工程參數，可以建構「正向關係矩陣」以表示每一個階層之間的對應關係。通過建立各階層之間的相關矩陣，我們可以從產品的表象失效狀態（失效模式，FM）中得到有關連的組件（即設計參數DP）。之後，我們可以進一步探索FM與其他階層的項目之間的對應關係，我們將其命名為「逆向關係矩陣分析」。最終，系統化地獲得核心關鍵缺點與設計需求、工程參數之間的關係，有助從核心關鍵工程參數改善產品失效問題，以更好地控制產品品質特性，達到產品設計與追蹤溯源之系統化分析。為了更有效地建立產品設計履歷，本研究開發出一套產品開發平台，幫助使用者們有條理地建立其產品設計的四階層結構資料，並且能利用此平台產出正向與逆向關係矩陣，達到「以終為始」的產品協同開發與創新之可能性。

關鍵字

TRIZ ；四階層關聯式設計條件分類模式；失效模式；產品開發；關係矩陣

並列摘要

Nowadays, if the product cannot be continuously improved and innovated, the product will soon be replaced or even eliminated by other competitors' products. Therefore, the R&D process with efficiency and benefits is the key. For how to describe the content of product development, in addition to proper classification in advance, deliberate definitions of product design request play a very important role. Therefore, this study proposes a set of four-level product data structure, establishes a forward and reverse correlation matrix, and adopt 48 engineering parameters and contradiction matrix in TRIZ to construct a unified "product design resume" to achieve quality tracking and traceability. When the problem occurs, it is no longer just a solution to the shortcomings of the appearance, but a solution to the critical points. In order to establish a management for product design quality, this study is based on a four-level product data structure model, including design intention, design requirements, design parameters and engineering parameters, and construct a "positive correlation matrix" to represent correspondence relationship between two levels. Once a product fails, we can get the associated components (ie design parameters DP) from the appearance failure state (failure mode, FM) of the product. After that, we can further explore the correspondence between FM and other levels, we named it "reverse correlation matrix analysis." Finally, we may systematically obtain the relationship between critical points and design requirements or engineering parameters, which can help to improve product failure problems from the critical points, to control product quality characteristics easily, and to achieve systematic design of product design and traceability. In order to establish a product design resume more effectively, this research developed a product development platform to help users establish four-level structure data of their product design, and can use this platform to produce a matrix of forward and reverse correlation matrix. In such a way the possibility of "start-from-the-final-state"collaborative development and innovation for products design may be achieved.