日商對台灣投資的原因分析與台日聯盟企業的未來展望

摘要就地理位置以及歷史淵源來看，長久以來，日本一直是台灣最重要的貿易夥伴之一，也是台灣最重要的技術與投資來源國。據海關資料指出，2011年時台日間貿易金額達到700億美元的歷史新高點，且日本為台灣第4大出口貿易國，第2大進口貿易國。至2018年2月止，居外人對台直接投資之第1位；投資金額211.49億美元，占投資總額的15.47%，居第2位，僅次於美國。可見台日間關係非常緊密。由日商對台投資的演進來看，約可分為三個階段，第一個階段是在1966-1977年間，主要著眼於台灣廉價的勞動力及外銷加工基地，；第二個階段約在1986-1992年間，台灣的電子製造業發展蓬勃，日商轉向以生產電子電器相關用品投資為主；第三個階段自1996年至2010年止，主要集中在高科技產品產業。近年來，日本經濟衰退，中小企業積極向海外投資，日本企業對台灣達到另一波高峰，投資內容呈現多元化，金融保險、批發零售等投資成長趨勢明顯，居所有產業之冠。日本對台投資的原因分析，大致可分為:1.日本自身經濟表現不佳。2. 311東北大地震。3.日本人口老化。4.台灣與中國大陸簽訂ECFA。5.台日租稅協定生效等因素。台日合作的目的可區分為「主要顧客導向」、「關鍵零組件導向」的B2B型態及「消費市場導向」的B2C類型。並透過日月暘科技、摩斯漢堡、國瑞汽車、台灣太陽油墨等4個個案，分別分析台日企業雙方各自的優點及目前發展的概況。因應中國大陸市場成長動力由依賴製造轉向消費主導，由高端市場轉向中端市場，台日企業的合作逐漸由上下游垂直整合調整為水平競爭的型態。而面對全球化的潮流，避免過度依賴中國市場，降低企業的政治風險，台日應在未來新興產業擴大合作範疇，共同開拓第三市場。

關鍵字

日商對台投資；台日聯盟企業

並列摘要

ABSTRACT In terms of geographical location and historical origin, Japan has long been one of Taiwan’s most important trading partners and has been Taiwan’s most important source of technology and investment. According to customs data, the trade volume between Taiwan and Japan reached a record high of US$70 billion in 2011, and Japan is Taiwan’s fourth largest exporter and the second largest importer of trade. As of February 2018, it ranked first in terms of direct investment in Taiwan, with the investment amount of US$21,149 billion, accounting for 15.47% of the total investment, ranking second only to the United States. Clearly, Taiwan and Japan have a very close relationship. From the perspective of the evolution of Japanese businessmen’s investment in Taiwan, it can be divided into three phases. The first phase was 1966-1977, focusing on Taiwan’s cheap labor and export processing bases; the second phase was 1986-1992 when Taiwan’s electronics manufacturing industry was booming and Japanese companies turned to the production of electronic and electrical related products; the third phase was from 1996 to 2010, focused on the high-tech product industry. With Japan’s economic recession in recent years, small and medium enterprises have actively invested overseas, while Japanese companies’ investment in Taiwan has reached another peak with a diversity of investment portfolios and significant growth in finance, insurance, wholesale, retail, and other investments, ranking the highest among all industries. The reasons contributing to Japan’s investment in Taiwan can be generally divided into: 1. Japan’s own poor economic performance; 2. Northeastern Great Earthquake; 3. The aging Japanese population; 4. The ECFA signed between Taiwan and China; 5. The “Agreement for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income”. The objectives of Taiwan-Japan cooperation consist of “Customer-oriented” and “Key component-oriented” B2B types and “Consumer market-oriented” B2C types. Through the four cases of “ASE Embedded Electronics Incorporated”, “MOS BURGER”, “Kuozui Motors, Ltd.”, and “Taiwan Taiyo Ink”, the advantages and current development situation of Taiwanese and Japanese companies were analyzed. In response to the growth momentum of the Chinese mainland market, from the dependence on manufacturing to consumer-led and from the high-end market to the middle-range market, the cooperation between Taiwan and Japan has gradually been adjusted from vertical upstream and downstream integration into horizontal competition. Faced with the trend of globalization, to avoid over-reliance on the Chinese market and reduce corporate political risks, Taiwan and Japan should expand the scope of cooperation in the emerging industries in the future in order to jointly develop the third market.