王安憶轉型期(1988──1996)小說研究

本文圍繞王安憶獨特的「心靈世界」與「現實圖像」意識展開討論，以王安憶停筆期前一年(1988)為探討起點，透過她寫作所遭遇的瓶頸及精神危機來重新檢視王安憶在八、九○年代之交創作轉型的軌跡。首先從王安憶創作侷限來探究其「心靈世界」與「現實圖像」無法協調的不平衡狀態，佐以散文、對談理解王安憶個人的創作觀。進而析論王安憶小說中強烈的「幻滅」感，探究現實圖像變遷後，王安憶對日常生活與理想之間矛盾、複雜的態度。然後從王安憶寫作轉型勾勒她理想失落、建立的軌跡；這種「理想」危機很大部分是直接指向當代社會主義經驗的有效與可信價值失效。本文藉小說互相參照、對應，以理解王安憶寫作危機與尋求精神救贖的路徑。第五章分析王安憶如何透過「尋根」過程確立自己的身份/位置，細究王安憶尋根的指向。第六章討論王安憶回歸日常敘事，以女人與城市為題的作品，進而觀察王安憶說「城市」故事的方法，這系列作品可視為王安憶在這一探索期轉型的歸宿。第七章討論《長恨歌》「憂傷」、「懷舊」之外流露的訊息，王安憶在經過幻滅、否定、抒情等不同創作嘗試後，找到重構上海城市故事的方式，這同時也是王安憶在八、九○年代之交小說創作轉型的句號。本文將王安憶1988至1996年的創作階段視為一個完整的轉型期，這段轉型期不僅標誌王安憶邁向成熟的創作階段，儘管最終她沒有找到一個可反覆使用的模式，但在這一過渡階段後，王安憶找到了自己創作的核心價值，也藉由創作舒緩了自己的精神困境。本文將王安憶創作視為一個整體發展的脈絡，由此，將有別於將其固定為某種「類型作家」的判定，透過觀察王安憶克服精神與寫作雙重危機的軌跡，發掘王安憶在中國當代文學中更具體的意義。

關鍵字

王安憶；轉型；心靈世界；現實圖像；知青；現代化；八○年代；九○年代

並列摘要

The aim of this dissertation is to discuss Ms. An-Yi, Wang’s unique “spirit world” and “real image”. Also, view the tracks of her writing, through all predicaments and spirit crises she faced when writing between 1980 and1990’s. The beginning of exploration is 1988, the year before she stopped writing. First of all, I explore her views of creation from her prose. Then, I analyze the strong sense of disillusionment in her novel and her complicated attitude between daily life and ideal. It is interesting to understand the change of her writing of the track of lost of ideal. The crisis of ideal has pointed out a majority of the value of the experiences of modern Socialism directly. This dissertation is used to analyze the route of her crisis of ideal and seeking for the redemption of spirit by her novels. In this thesis, the Chapter five is to discuss the methods she used of identification. The Chapter six is to explore her works of daily life, women and the city, then understand her methods of describing stories of city. This is an important part of her works. In Chapter seven, the additional information of retrospect, reminiscence and sorrow are discussed by the“ Song of Eternal Sorrow”. She used this work to rebuild her methods of describing stories of Shanghai, also the end of her work of novels. In this dissertation, the creation of stage from 1988 to 1996 is seemed as a completed part of revise and change in her work. This is the way to be more mature about her work. Finally, she didn’t find a suitable writing which can be used repeatedly. However, she found the main value of her writing after this stage, also got the solution of predicaments in spirit. Through explore her works can find that she is an important writer in the history of modern literature in China.