跨國婚姻移民在台無證居留現象之研究：以東南亞外籍配偶為例

目前台灣社會反映出部分跨國婚姻移民，已在台灣居住多年，甚至生兒育女，卻未能取得一個合法的居留身分，處於一種「非法移民」的狀態，不但影響其家庭正常生活甚巨，亦對其個人之能動性與社會之融入發展造成莫大限制，此一現象，在台灣以強調維護人權及尊重多元文化的國度裡，似乎有所扞格而顯得格格不入，值得深入研究與探討。本研究分別就政府移民政策、移民法制及國境管理機制等宏觀面向予以整理觀察，及就跨國婚姻移民在台無證居留之相關案例剖析與實際調查受訪個案，深入瞭解其個人、國人配偶、家庭經濟狀況、社會網絡與生活適應等微觀影響面向予以探討分析。經研究發現目前跨國婚姻在台無證居留的比例以來自東南亞地區之外籍配偶占居多數，而造成外籍配偶「無證居留」之現象，則多非單一原因，除了係受到以國家整體利益為前提，隱含國族、階級意識而規劃之移民政策，以及國境管理機制、法令制度不周延或公部門行政瑕疵等之外在影響因素外，尚有因個人不諳法令、忙於適應台灣家庭而疏忽、社會支援網絡薄弱及其在台配偶品行、配偶家庭經濟弱勢等各項影響因子之交織催化。為保障真實婚姻之外籍配偶在台居留及家庭權益，避免發生無證居留之情況，並使一直未敢主動尋求公部門協助解決自己居留問題之婚姻移民黑數勇於出面，本研究提出以下建議：一、調整簽證核發方式。二、檢討修正相關法規。三、辦理「大赦」專案。四、公部門與NGO團體宜建立常態性聯繫溝通管道。五、加強第一線人員服務態度、人權及法令規定教育訓練。六、建置統一諮詢及輔導網絡窗口、落實輔導功能及法令宣導，才是根本解決之道。

關鍵字

跨國婚姻；婚姻移民；外籍配偶；非法移民；無證移民

並列摘要

Currently it was reflected in Taiwan that some of marriage migrants who have lived in Taiwan for many years and even have given birth to children failed to obtain the legal residence and lived in an ‘illegal migrants’ condition, which not only seriously impacted normal family lives, but also severely limited the individual autonomy and the development of social inclusion. The phenomenon, which seems to be incompatible with Taiwan where defending human rights and respecting cultural diversity are attached importance to, is worthy of thorough research and discussion. The study arranged and observed macroscopic aspects of immigration policy of the government, the legal system of immigration and the border managing mechanism, and thoroughly understood, analyzed and discussed microscopic aspects of individuals, their Taiwanese spouse, family economic conditions, social network and life adjustment with respect to relevant cases analysis and actual survey respondents of the undocumented residence of marriage migrants. It is found that the majority of undocumented migrants of mixed marriages in Taiwan were foreign spouses from Southeast Asia and the undocumented residence of these foreign spouses was not caused by a single reason. In addition to the immigration policy made with the implication of the national and class consciousness on the basis of the national benefit, the border managing mechanism, the unsound legal system, flaws of administrative act of public sectors and other external influences, there were other mutual interwoven and influence factors such as ignorance of the law, being negligent because of busying getting adjusted to Taiwanese families, the weak social support network, characters of Taiwanese spouses, weak economic conditions of spouses’ families and so on. In order to guarantee the residence of the foreign spouse and family rights in a true marriage, avoid the undocumented residence, and encourage illegal marriage migrants to seek helps who have been afraid of asking actively public sectors for help to solve their undocumented residence, the study puts forward the following suggestions: 1. adjusting the way of issuing the visa; 2. criticizing and modifying relevant laws and regulations; 3. processing ‘amnesty’ programs; 4. establishing normal channels of connection and communication between public sectors and NGOs; 5. improving service attitudes of front line staff, human rights and the education and training of laws and regulations; 6. establishing uniform network windows for consultation and tutoring and implementing the function of tutoring and the advocating of decrees are the best solution.