地方產業永續發展個案研究：應用脈絡論分析埔里鎮地方特色餐飲業

本研究為探索性研究，以埔里鎮特色餐飲業為研究對象，透過永續發展架構及三十餘年的歷史脈絡分析探討產業的文化性與獨特性建構，期望藉此充實以經濟網絡為核心的地方永續發展架構，並提供區域社會創新及地方創生政策實務建言。研究認為地方特色餐飲業與地方經濟永續及觀光發展政策關係密切，需在優良餐廳的基礎上展現結合在地農特產、飲食文化及社會連結功能才能有效建構產業的文化性與獨特性。基於上述立場，研究架構由產業外部脈絡的地方振興政策，以及產業內部的市場、歷史文化、創新創意與社會連結等元素所組成。根據質性輔以統計資料的分析結果，1990年代是埔里發展地方特色餐飲業理想概念模型的時期。在地方、產業與企業面臨轉型的環境下，藝文人士與地方業者以異業聯盟與社會創新手段塑造地方特色、推動產業觀光轉型。21世紀初期，為了穩定地方經濟，大量外部資源及人才湧入埔里協助921震災災區重建；同時，為了爭取重建經費，埔里分別形成一類以小型社區、族群和同業的網絡，以及另一類以跨災區鄉鎮為成員的社會團體，於是以埔里鎮為主體的地方性逐漸淡化。近十年來隨著大幅開放陸客來台、國道六號開通、日月潭國家風景區成立埔里分站等因素，埔里的觀光消費市場產生劇烈變化。在激烈競爭的氛圍下，餐飲業走向多元化，展現餐廳或主廚風格的廚藝創作更重於地區整體的飲食文化性論述，產業特色也漸漸轉為低文化性高獨特性的樣態。由於產業與文化都是變動的，因此若要重新形塑地方飲食的文化性，本研究建議，重新盤點地方的新時代特色產業及藝文資源，透過異業合作方式進行社會創新。

關鍵字

埔里；地方特色餐飲產業；永續發展；產業組織理論；脈絡論

並列摘要

This dissertation is a case study, by way of exploratory research, of the local specialty restaurants of Puli. By applying the framework of sustainable development and over 30 years of historical contextual analysis, this research considers the construction of cultural aspects and uniqueness of the local specialty restaurant industry, attempts to enhance the current framework of sustainable development that is based on economic network at its core, as well as provide practical policy suggestions for social innovation and local revitalization for the future. This study asserts that the policies of economic sustainability and tourist development are closely related to the development of the local specialty restaurant industry. The synthesis of local agricultural specialties, food culture and social connection based on qualified restaurants, are essential to the creation of cultural aspects and uniqueness of the industry. On the basis of the foregoing thesis, the research framework of this paper is composed of the local development related policy as the external context, as well as the internal context of the industry - market, history and culture, innovation and creativity, and social connections. The research results show that the 1990s was the period during which Puli developed the ideal concept of a local specialty restaurant industry. In an environment where areas, industry and businesses were facing recession and transformation, local artists and business operators cooperated through a cross-industry alliance and social innovation to create the uniqueness of the area and re-shaped local tourism attractions. However, in the early 21st century, so as to stabilize the local economy, a large number of external resources and talents surged toward Puli to assist in the re-establishment of communities damaged in the 921 Earthquake. At the same time, the competition for redevelopment funds, the formation of associations, networks of ethnic groups and peer networks as well as cross-township disaster areas, gradually weakened Puli township as the center of policy. Finally, after nearly a decade, the surge of mainland tourists, the opening of High No. 6 and the establishment of Puli branch station of the Sun Moon Lake National Scenic Area has resulted in dramatic changes to Puli tourism. Amidst keen competition, the food and beverage industry has undergone diversification. Creation based on the use of local ingredients to express the restaurant or a chef's personal style is emphasized over the interpretation of local Puli food culture. That has resulted in the transformation of the industry into one that has a low emphasis on cultural and but a high emphasis on uniqueness. To rebuild the cultural aspects of local food, this research suggests that local specialty industries and cultural resource in the new era should be re-assessed and that social innovation should be realized through cross-industry cooperation.