離亂斯瘼，吾誰適歸？─兩晉南北朝士人的國家認同與抒情

以兩晉時期到南北朝時期為範圍，建立起正統論述的脈絡，藉此來觀察在時代變動的洪流中，身處其中的士人群體的自處方式以及面對的態度。第一章將何謂正統做出釐清。第二章的部分先將本文所談論的重點：正統、認同以及國家這些關鍵詞一一確立，在梳理這些關鍵詞所代表的意義之後，再進一步進入兩晉時期因為異族政權的興起所衍伸出關於正統認同的探討。正統認同所涉及的對象不限於漢人，亦有漢化的胡人，除此之外也可以從東晉政權的內部與外部來看出正統認同對於身在政權內與政權外的士人又是如何看待東晉王朝這塊「招牌」。第三章的部分進一步論述進入南北朝之後的狀態，隨著東晉王朝這塊正字招牌的斑駁凋落，對於當時士人的正統認同有何影響？南北之間對於正統歸屬的爭論日趨顯著，隨著南北朝互派使臣交流之頻繁，兩邊對於各自正統地位的捍衛與交鋒也顯得格外精彩，除了和平性質的聘使交流，亦有暴力性質的戰爭侵略，南梁末年西魏大舉入侵，擄獲了一批南朝士人入北，大量的南朝士人入北雖然在文學史上有著南北文風融合的重要意義，但是入北士人所面對的悲傷與無奈，以及目睹家國毀滅的創傷記憶，這些情感的展現所指涉的癥結來自於正統認同的崩壞。第四章藉由入北士人的文學創作，進一步帶出士人心中所面臨的痛苦與糾結，並論述如何藉由抒情來安頓入北士人的不安靈魂。

關鍵字

兩晉南北朝；正統認同；入北士人；抒情

並列摘要

In order to study the scope of Two Jins and Northern and Southern Dynasties, discussed in the context of the establishment of legitimate, thereby observing changes in flood era, the attitude of scholars how to face themselves. First chapter, to clarify what is “Zheng Tong”? The second chapter, the focus instead discussed herein establish legitimism, identification, and country. After combing the significance of these keywords represent, and then further into the Two Jins Dynasties derived discussion about the identity because of the rise of the alien regime. The object of the identity of legitimism involved are not limited to Han, also finished the barbarian. In addition, it also finds out the identity of scholars who internal and external with The Eastern Jin Dynasty and they how to treat The Eastern Jin Dynasty. The third chapter, it discusses the state after entering the Northern and Southern Dynasties, with the disappearance of the Eastern Jin Dynasty representative, have any effect on the identity of scholars at that time? For argument with somewhere, “Zheng Tong” belong between South and North is more significant. With the frequent exchange of envoys, Southern and Northern exchanges, the two sides for defending and confrontation with their legitimacy are extraordinarily wonderful. Peaceful nature of the exchange in addition to diplomats, also violent nature of the war of aggression. The army of Western Wei invaded Liang Dynasty, captured a group of Southern Scholars, many Southern Scholars enter the North, although the importance of style in literary history has a north-south integration, the scholars who enter the North faced sadness and frustration, as well as witnessing the destruction of the home country of traumatic memories. These emotional performances from identity collapse. The fourth chapter, with the writing of the scholars who enter the North, bring out their hearts facing the pain and tangled and discuss how to settle the scholars who enter the North restless soul by lyric.