僧肇《注維摩詰經》研究：從與《肇論》對照之角度

歷來對於僧肇的研究，往往關注於《肇論》四論及肇公生平背景等議題加以探討，《注維摩詰經》慣常地被視為《肇論》的補充資料，學界鮮少以注經作為主要探討對象。主要原因如下：一、不若《肇論》四篇完整呈現僧肇思想體系；二、注經受限於經典影響觀念雜散。但若跳脫出繼往的學術框架而論，注經之中包含了許多僧肇的思想議題，舉凡如四論之中所言及的「般若聖智」、「中道不二」、「事物/時間運動法則」以及「涅槃觀點」等等，都可以在注經中找到佐證，也可藉此來判斷歷來學界對於僧肇的思想、著作有所疑議之處。此外，注經甚至還包含了《肇論》中所沒有的思想或是對於本有的思想加以深化。是以，本文嘗試以各論成書的先後順序，來對僧肇的思想觀點形成加以探看，從中找尋出注經與各論之間的承啟關係，並從《肇論》所無之思想觀點，開拓出新的研究方向，突破舊有研究之框限，以期學界重新審視《注維摩詰經》於僧肇思想中佔有的重要價值。內容上，從僧肇當時之社會背景與各論成書關係入手，順帶耙梳《維摩詰經》之歷代經、注，待到充實相關知識背景後。著手切入僧肇與傳統儒家語詞之間的關係，並以「至人」觀點作為觀察對象，加以探討僧肇與儒道思想之關係。緊接著進入本文之重點，開始針對各論一一細探、比對，了解注經於各論之中所發揮的作用和承啟關係，並從中探索四論所無，或是從四論加以延伸擴展的區塊，由此證實注經之重要性與價值，期待能夠開展出更寬廣的僧肇研究路徑。

關鍵字

《注維摩詰經》；《肇論》；至人思想；般若；涅槃

並列摘要

The surveys of Seng-zhao have been mainly focused on “Zhao Lun” and his lifetime background. Besides, Seng-zhao's “Commentary of the Vimalakīr tinirdeśa sūtra”has been regarded as the supplements of “Zhao Lun”. Scholars seldom take Seng-zhao's “Commentary of the Vimalakīr tinirdeśa sūtra” as the subject to research. There are some reasons, first of all, it is not as thorough as “Zhao Lun” that represents the thinking system of Seng-zhao. Secondly, Seng-zhao's “Commentary of the Vimalakīr tinirdeśa sūtra” is restricted to its scattering concepts. But if we step out to to academic framing, Seng-zhao's “Commentary of the Vimalakīr tinirdeśa sūtra” does contain lots of his thinking issues, such as the Prajna (wisdom), Non-duality, the law of movement and Nirvana perspective, etc.. There are some evidences could prove and justify what academic scholars used to think Seng-zhao and his works. Besides, Seng-zhao's “Commentary of the Vimalakīr tinirdeśa sūtra”even contains what “Zhao Lun” lack of or deepen the concepts which have existed. Therefore, this article uses the prioritization of the classics to see what the Seng-zhao’s thoughts are, to see the connection of Seng-zhao's “Commentary of the Vimalakīr tinirdeśa sūtra”and other classics, and what “Zhao Lun” lacking of, to make a new way of research, and urge the scholars to rethink that the Seng-zhao's “Commentary of the Vimalakīr tinirdeśa sūtra” plays an important part in Seng-zhao's mind. As for the content part, the article dates back to the background and the classics to be written, cuts into the point to the relationship of Seng-zhao and traditional Confucianism terminology, and with “chih-jen thoughts”, to see the relationships of Seng-zhao and traditional Confucianism. As for the main part of this article, it compares every classics to see Seng-zhao's “Commentary of the Vimalakīr tinirdeśa sūtra”playing what kind of roles in every classics, and then to explore what “Zhao Lun” lacking of and what part to be extended. In short, this article tries to illustrate the importance, the value of Seng-zhao's “Commentary of the Vimalakīr tinirdeśa sūtra” and awaiting scholars to explore and to discuss its width research approach.