社會企業經營模式之研究：以長期照顧領域為例

本研究以質性研究方法，探討NPO、商業公司、合作社的社會企業在長期照顧領域內之經營模式，這種以社會和商業雙重目標的混合組織，在長照服務上能夠發揮那些效益，又有那些困難需要克服? 本研究訪談老牌NPO和創櫃板的公司及創新長照模式之合作社，探討社會企業提供服務優缺點，也反思傳統社會企業的定義，在長照多元化政策下，應納入社會企業家精神來彌補定義的不足，以及思考社會使命結合戰略管理，取得關鍵性資源來壯大組織。本研究發現，社會企業仍無法成為當代主流思維，因為難以定位，無法形成共識是主因，社會企業是解決社會問題的創新方法，應該認可的是一種比較寬泛包容各種形式的社會企業。本研究結論，成功的長照社會企業經營模式包括:（一）爭取與政府特約。（二）建立多元化收入。（三）運用社會資本，增加人力財力資源。（四）充權客戶。（五）重視社會使命戰略管理。（六）社會創新運用在商業實務上。

關鍵字

長期照顧；社會企業；社會企業家精神；經營模式；特約；社會資本

並列摘要

This study adopted qualitative research methods to explore the business models of NPOs, commercial companies and cooperative social enterprises in the field of long-term care. What are the benefits and difficulties to be overcome in the provision of long-term care services by such a hybrid organization with both social and commercial objectives? This study interviewed veteran NPOs, the GISA enterprises, and cooperatives that have innovative long-term care service models to explore the advantages and disadvantages of social enterprise service delivery while reflecting on the definition of traditional social enterprises. Under the diversification policy of long-term care, social entrepreneurship should be incorporated to complement the insufficient definition of social enterprise, so as to consider the social mission combined with strategic management to obtain key resources to strengthen the organization. This study finds social enterprises are still unable to become the mainstream of contemporary thinking, due to positioning difficulties and the inability to form a consensus. Since social enterprises are an innovative approach to solving social problems, a broader acknowledgment of diverse social enterprises should be identified. This study concluded that successful long-term social enterprise business models should: (1) pursue a special contract with the government; (2) establish diversified sources of income; (3) use social capital to increase human and financial resources;(4).empower customers; (5) emphasize strategic management of social mission; and (6) apply social innovation in commercial practices.