高齡者社會參與對主觀幸福感認知之影響：以埔里地區巷弄長照站為例

人口老化是每個已開發國家必然的社會現象，為解決人口老化的問題，我國也積極推動長照十年計畫2.0的社會政策。隨著近年社會快速的發展，人們對於健康的觀念越來越重視，促使社會福利服務的需求日益增加，高齡者對於社會參與的選擇也更加多元，因此也開始出現以社區為主的C級巷弄長照站，提供兼具照顧和參與的支持性服務。然而，我國在長照產業化的階段，國家思考的面向不能只有社會福利預算的增減，更應謹慎評估受到照顧的高齡者是否真正感受到幸福。本文以落實在地老化的埔里地區巷弄長照站為研究場所，針對八位參與巷弄長照站的高齡者進行深度訪談，以了解高齡者於巷弄長照站進行社會參與有何意義與反思，並對其主觀幸福感認知產生何種影響。經由分析與整理受訪者的參與經驗，發現如下研究結果：（一）高齡者參與社會活動許多時候是受到他人的邀請或是有陪伴的需求，以及藉由參與的行為來與自己的老化抗衡；（二）社會參與所產生的社會互動與人際支持可為高齡者帶來情感上的依靠；（三）巷弄長照站所提供的社會參與課程，幫助許多高齡者圓了兒時學習的夢；（四）社會參與所帶來的幸福感，可以豐富高齡者的生活，以及對自己生命的回顧與靈性的成長；（五）巷弄長照站提供的社會參與，可為高齡者帶來社會、情緒及心理的支持，提高他們的主觀幸福感，並幫助高齡者度過疫情期間的不安與無助。最後，也根據研究結果從「服務提供」、「社會參與和靈性關懷」、「政策制度」三方面提出相關建議，讓社會大眾更加了解高齡者的照顧需求。另外，研究中亦將靈性因素納入討論，除了探討高齡者透過巷弄長照站的社會參與對其主觀幸福感認知的影響之外，也看見高齡者本身信仰之價值信念亦會影響其對幸福感的認知，此也凸顯出靈性關懷對高齡者的重要性，期待相關教育訓練提高社會工作者對靈性議題的反思以及培養相關敏感度，讓高齡者活出更多生命的可能性。

關鍵字

高齡者；社會參與；社會支持；主觀幸福感；巷弄長照站；靈性

並列摘要

Population aging is an inevitable social problem in every developed country. In order to solve the problem of aging population, Taiwan government is actively promoting the long term care 2.0 policy. With the rapid development of society in recent years, people pay much attention to the health, which has led to increase for social welfare demand, and the elderly have more choices for social participation. Therefore, community-based level C long-term care station has appeared, which provides the supportive service with care and participation. However, when the stage of commercialization of long-term care, the elderly should be more respected their spiritual care and subjective well-being. The thesis first conducts in-depth interview for the 8 elderly who participate in long-term care station in Puli township, understanding their meanings and reflections, and effects on their subjective well-being for participating in long-term care station. The results after analyzing the experience of the interviewees show that: (1) The elderly take part in activities often because they are invited by others or have a need for social companionship, in order to postpone their own aging. (2) The social interaction and interpersonal support generated by social participation can provide the elderly with emotional support. (3) The courses provided from the long-term care station have helped elderly fulfill their dreams of learning. (4) The well-being generated from social participation can be rich in the life as well as the life review and spiritual growth of the elderly. (5) Social participation can make the elderly get social, emotional and mental support, as well as improving their subjective well-being to be more healthy during the epidemic time. According to the research, people can understand more about the care needs of the elderly and made some suggestions from the 3 aspects of “service provision”, “social participation and spiritual care”, and “policy system”. In addition to exploring the effect of the elderly’s social participation on the subjective well-being in the long-term care station, it is also found out that their own values and beliefs will impact their well-being as well. It emphasizes that it is important for the elderly in spiritual care. It is expected that the social workers could be educated and trained for spiritual care. That could increase sensitivity to spiritual issues so that the elderly will live better and become better.