泰國恐怖電影元素與類型之分析

臺灣喜歡欣賞恐怖電影的閱聽眾非常多，泰國恐怖電影在臺灣的電影市場占有一席之地，然而，真正對恐怖電影進行有系統分析的學術研究卻非常少。本研究針對泰國恐怖電影進行敘事分析，其中包括鬼與其他角色的形象、恐怖元素(如：服裝道具與隱喻使用、場景、情節與劇情鋪陳)、結局安排及價值觀。筆者蒐集了截至2014年8月為止，曾在臺灣上映過的泰國恐怖電影共52部，筆者將這些泰國恐怖電影區分為三大類，包括人為恐怖電影類型、主角非人類的恐怖電影類型，以及主角為鬼的恐怖電影類型。筆者刪除人為恐怖電影類型與主角非人類的恐怖電影類型，純粹保留主角為鬼的恐怖電影類型，欲探討鬼與其他角色之間的關係與衍生的電影情節。接著筆者再將主角為鬼的恐怖電影類型，區分成新聞事件類恐怖電影、單元系列枉死類恐怖電影、愛情類恐怖電影、親情類恐怖電影四小類。本研究試圖挑出12部泰國恐怖電影做為代表，進行敘事分析，並比較泰國恐怖電影間的共通點與差異情形，歸納出泰國恐怖電影共同呈現與傳達的特色與涵義。從這些泰國恐怖電影中，可歸納出一些共同恐怖元素。鬼具有許多種不同的原型，且女性角色的鬼明顯多於男性。以電影的內容來看，會用鏡頭特寫一些小動物做隱喻，並有些固定的場景與情節。這些恐怖電影充分展現泰國佛教中人要自度的道理，做錯事情的人就算暫時沒有得到法律制裁，但內心仍會受到長期且痛苦的煎熬。不論是有形的法律或無形的力量來復仇，他們終究都還是得為自己的罪行負責。

關鍵字

泰國；恐怖電影

並列摘要

Many moviegoers in Taiwan enjoy watching horror movies, and horror movies from Thailand occupy a sizeable share of the Taiwanese film market. There is, however, little systematic research in Taiwan regarding horror movies. This research thesis examines Thai horror movies using narrative analysis. It discusses the images of ghosts and other film characters; elements of horror (including costumes, props, metaphors, scene settings, and plot developments); film endings; and value systems. The researcher collected fifty-two Thai horror movies screened in Taiwan from November 2004 through August 2014. The researcher grouped these horror movies according to whether the horror is human-generated, the protagonists are non-human, and the protagonists are ghosts. The researcher focused on the last group of films to examine the relationships between ghosts and other film characters, as well as the situations emerging from these relationships. The researcher further divided this group of ghost-protagonist films into four categories, including news-related horror stories, serial death horror stories, love-related horror stories, and family-related horror stories. The researcher chose twelve representative Thai horror movies to compare similarities and differences using narrative analysis. This thesis summarizes the similarities, special characteristics, and meanings featured in these Thai horror movies. The researcher’s findings can be summarized as follows. There are many different types of ghosts, and female ghosts clearly outnumber male ghosts. The film directors often use close-up camera shots of small animals or insects being used as metaphors. There are some common scenes and plots. These Thai horror movies are full of the principle of self-conjecture present in Thai Buddhism. That is, characters who do bad deeds will experience long-term mental suffering, even if they are not punished by the law; whether by facing punishment under the law or an invisible power’s vengeance, they must take responsibility for their guilt.