緬甸政治對話中利益相關者的權力平衡

The Authority Balance of Stakeholders in Myanmar's Political Dialogues

莫维拉(Wi-Ra Moe Nay)

指導教授 ： 吳若予

國立暨南國際大學/人文學院/公共行政與政策學系/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6837/ncnu201900149

摘要

本文反映了在緬甸建設和平進程中實施談判時組織政治對話的權力平衡。幾十年前，緬甸政府，軍事領導人和少數民族領導人無法找到停火條件，也沒有給予結束內戰的青睞。隨著2010年文職政府的到來，他們開始建立停火協議和政治框架。政治對話由利益相關方發起，包括政府，軍官，議會成員，民族武裝組織（EAO）和政黨。雖然一些妥協被視為成就，但巨大的僵局和困境仍然是未解決的問題。本文不是討論如何克服這些問題，而是根據參與者的聲音和大眾媒體中描述的文章強調這些問題是如何在這些條件下發生的。根據緬甸現代政治的歷史，自1962年至2010年的政變以來，軍隊發揮了突出的主導作用。緬甸軍隊參與了許多行政部門。甚至在2010年以後，軍方認為他們仍然必須參與緬甸的政治，因為該國的狀況尚不穩定。在和平進程中軍事的作用比其他參與者的作用更大。 EAO認為他們正在面對兩個政府，很難得到衝突的解決方案。在軍民關係下，本文將描述政府，軍隊和民族如何參與政治對話的方式。根據這些細節，將討論和分析出現這些問題及其原因。

關鍵字

緬甸和平談判 ； 政治對話 ； 權力製衡 ； 權力 ； 軍事 ； 民族武裝組織 ； 精英理論

並列摘要

This thesis reflects the power balance in organizing the political dialogues while implementing negotiations within a peacebuilding process in Myanmar. From several decades ago, the Myanmar government, military leaders and ethnic leaders could not find out for a ceasefire condition and no favor was given to end the civil war. By the coming of civilian government in 2010, they began establishing a ceasefire agreement and political framework. The political dialogues were launched by the stakeholders including government, military officers, members of parliaments, ethnic armed organizations (EAOs) and political parties. Although some compromises are seen as achievements, huge deadlocks and dilemmas remain as unsolved problems. This paper is not going to figure out how to overcome the problems but highlighting how these problems are occurred in these conditions based on the voices of the participants and the articles described in the mass media. According to the history of Myanmar modern politics, the military has taken a prominent leading role since from the coup from 1962 to 2010. Myanmar military is taking part in many sectors of administration. Even beyond 2010, the military supposed that they still have to participate in the politics of Myanmar because the country's condition is unstable yet. The military role of inclusion in the peace process is larger than other participants’ roles. EAOs are feeling that they are confronting with two governments and it is hard to get the resolution for the conflicts. Under the civilian-military relations, the way how the government, military, and ethnic groups take part in political dialogues is going to be described in this paper. From those details, the problems and the reasons why these have been popped up would be discussed and analyzed.

並列關鍵字

Myanmar Peace Negotiations ； Political Dialogues ； Power Balance ； Authority ； Military ； Ethnic Armed Organizations ； Elite Theory

參考文獻

References

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7daydaily. (2018, July 14). UWSA proposed to government "To amend the NCA and to provide the written commitment for the resignation from NCA if something happen.". 7daydaily(1860), 1-5.

Article 201, Right of Secession, Chapter X, 1947 Constitution of the Union of Burma.

Aye, Thein (2017), “The journey of 2017 Peace Process”, The Myanmar Times. Retrieved from: https://myanmar.mmtimes.com/news/105203.html.