華燈初上：上海新舞臺（1908~1927）的表演與觀看

The Beginning of the Chinese Modern Theater：Performance and Observation of "The New Stage" in Shanghai（1908~1927）

洪佩君(Pei-Jiun Hung)

指導教授 ： 楊玉成

國立暨南國際大學/人文學院/中國語文學系/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6837/NCNU.2009.00050

摘要

上海新舞臺成立於光緒三十四年（1908）十月，是國內第一座由國人自營的新式劇院。1911年辛亥革命爆發，一個舊世代從此走入歷史，新舞臺坐落在這個時代的上海，不但體驗了世紀末的衰落，更親身參與了當時的改革風潮。本論文分為三個部份，首先由同治年間京劇茶園風行於上海談起，勾勒出新舞臺成立的背景，並以其十六年間的營運方針為主軸，以演員、劇本和重要事件為支線來展開這座新式劇場的討論，尤其關注了新舞臺對於上海劇界所帶來的革新與影響。其次以燈光引進戲園作為劇場發展的重要分水嶺，探討戲曲表演在此之後所展現的新面向，包括機關布景的大量運用，以及時裝新戲融合傳統戲劇而呈現出的舞臺形象。最後則將新舞臺與更大的文化場域做連結，透過報紙廣告、畫報、及戲劇評論等媒介進一步觀察劇場與整個時代的互動，探討新舞臺在啟蒙和商業間徘徊之際，如何忠實的反映出這個時代上海菊壇所面對的現實處境，更在那些應變和操作之中，為此後的戲劇環境和劇場文化都開出了新的道路。

關鍵字

上海 ； 新舞臺 ； 時裝京劇 ； 機關布景 ； 畫報 ； 戲劇評論

並列摘要

Founded in October of the 34th year of Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty (AD 1908), the New Stage in Shanghai was the first new-style theater managed by Chinese. After the explosion of the Revolution of 1911, an old age went into history. Lying in Shanghai and being in the new age, the New Stage not merely experiences the decadence of the end of the century, furthermore, it participates the reforming tide at that time.
This thesis is divided into three parts. First, the founding of the New Stage is because Beijing operas playing in teahouse become popular in Shanghai during the years of Emperor Tongzhi of Qing Dynasty. This part chiefly discusses the policy of the nineteen-year management of the New Stage, and the actors, scripts, and events of the stage are also covered. Moreover, the innovations and influences brought by the New Stage to Shanghai theatrical circles are particularly concerned. Second, the introduction of lighting sets brings the new development of opera, including the abundant uses of device and setting, and the new stage image presented by fitting costume of this period into traditional operas. Finally, the interaction between the theater and the age is observed. Through the media, such as advertisements of newspapers, pictorial newspapers, and drama commentary, the New Stage is connected with the more immense cultural field. Vacillating between enlightenment and commerce, the New Stage reflects faithfully the actual situation which the theatrical circles are facing. This, however, brings the new way for the environment and culture of theater.

並列關鍵字

Shanghai ； the New Stage ； Beijing opera with costume of this period ； device and setting ； pictorial newspaper ； Drama commentary

參考文獻

一、報紙，期刊

《申報》（1908—1924）（微卷），北京：全國圖書館文獻縮微複製中心。

《時報》（1909.12—1924）（微卷），中華全國圖書館文獻縮微中心。

《時事新報》（1911.5—1924）（微卷），中華全國圖書館文獻縮微中心。上海圖書館攝製，1989年。

《二十世紀大舞臺》（1904.9—1904.？）（微捲），北京：全國圖書館文獻縮微複製中心。北京圖書館攝製。