政治與經濟交互影響下暹羅臺商的貿易與活動（1895-1946）

本文以暹羅為場域，探討在亞洲政治局勢轉變與經濟環境波動影響下，日治時期臺商在海外的貿易變化與政商活動。1895年以前，暹羅臺商依附華商網絡甚深，進出口商品都需要透過華南地區轉口。日本殖民統治臺灣後，暹羅臺商開始與華商在商業活動上產生分歧。本文依臺暹貿易發展的變化，分析日治初期臺暹貿易依附華商網絡的原因與樣貌。探討在大正南進熱潮下，受到日暹關係深化與臺灣總督府南支南洋政策影響，暹羅臺商逐漸脫離華商網絡，建立以臺暹貿易為核心的臺商群體。而1926年以後的世界經濟大蕭條與中日暹三邊地緣政治變動，導致臺暹貿易日益衰退，扮演轉包商角色的臺商崛起。在日本「大東亞共榮圈」戰略中，暹羅臺商協助日本財閥與軍方拓展與深化對華人社會的影響力。1945年二次大戰結束後，臺商在臺人集體受囚的事件中，領導旅暹臺人團結合作，爭取國府支持與協助獲釋。過程臺商體認到同鄉組織作為因應地緣政治變動窗口的必要性，因此在1946年成立「臺灣同鄉會」，為臺商在當地的發展，建立起臺灣人的共同意識。

關鍵字

臺商；臺灣籍民；地緣政治；臺暹貿易；南進政策

並列摘要

Taking Siam as the field, this article discusses the changes in overseas trade and political and commercial activities of Taiwanese entrepreneurs in Siam during the Japanese colonial period under the influence of changes in the Asian political situation and fluctuations in the economic environment. Before 1895, Taiwanese entrepreneurs in Siam depended heavily on the overseas Chinese merchant networks, and all import-export products needed to be re-exported through southern China. In Japanese colonial period, Taiwanese entrepreneurs in Siam began to diverge with overseas Chinese merchant on business activities. Based on the changes in the development of Taiwan-Siam trade, this article analyzes the reasons and appearances of Taiwan-Siam trade's dependence on the overseas Chinese merchant networks in the early days of Japanese colonial period. Discussed that under the southward fever in Taisho era, Taiwan-Siam trade influenced by the deepening of Japan-Siam relations and the south China and south seas policy of the Taiwan Governor-general, Taiwanese entrepreneurs in Siam have gradually separated from the overseas Chinese merchant networks and established a group of their own with Taiwan-Siam trade as the core. After 1926, because of the Great Depression and the trilateral geopolitical changes between China, Japan and Siam, the trade between Taiwan and Siam was declining. Taiwanese entrepreneurs became the subcontractors of Japanese trading company in Siam. They also helped with Japan’s "Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Circle" strategy, served the Japanese trading company and the military for expanded and deepened their influence in Siamese Chinese society. In 1945, after the end of the Second World War, Taiwanese in Siam had been sent to a concentration camp. Taiwanese entrepreneurs led the Taiwanese in Siam to fight for freedom. In the process, they realized the necessity of fellow-town organizations as a window to respond the geopolitical changes. In 1946, the "Taiwanese Fellowship Association" was established to develop the consensus of Taiwanese in Siam.