菲律賓大學生的同性戀態度研究

本研究旨在了解菲律賓大學生同性戀態度及認知之現狀，並分析不同背景之菲律賓大學生同性戀態度及認知的差異情形，同時探討影響其同性戀態度之因素。本研究使用陳曼君於2010年所編制的「同性戀態度與認知問卷」，此問卷編制之面向來自於Worthington等人（2005）的LGB-KASH量表，包含五個面向：厭惡、同性戀公民權益、內化肯定、對同性戀之知識與衝突矛盾。至於預測同性戀態度之因素有三類，分別為背景變項（性別、性傾向、年級、宗教、有無熟悉同性戀親友、觀看同性戀議題媒體經驗、父母親教育程度、父母親對同性戀者觀感）、心理變項（開放性、性別角色刻板印象）、內在認知變項（同性戀知識、衝突矛盾）。研究樣本為菲律賓馬尼拉大都會區的大學生，研究者進入大學校園後採用隨機測驗方式，取得來自四所不同大學共210位大學生受測，其中回收之有效問卷有190份，男、女受測者比例盡量控制在1：1。研究資料經由SPSS 22.0中文版進行描述性統計、單因子變異數分析與多元迴歸分析，以驗證研究假設。本研究結論如下：一、菲律賓大學生的同性戀態度偏尊重與寬容，但對於同性戀知識稍嫌不足。二、菲律賓大學生的同性戀態度及認知在不同面向有顯著差異，「同性戀公民權益」獲得最高度的支持，但卻與一般認知有異，支持同性伴侶合法領養小孩的大學生比支持同性伴侶合法結婚之比例多了三成。三、菲律賓大學生的同性戀態度不受背景變項「宗教」及「父母親教育程度」影響。四、心理變項「性別角色刻板印象」對菲律賓大學生的同性戀態度不具預測力。五、背景、心理、內在認知變項皆能顯著預測菲律賓大學生對同性戀的態度，其中以「性別」、「性傾向」、「有無熟識同性戀親友」、「觀看同性戀議題媒體經驗」、「開放性」、「同性戀知識」最為穩定及顯著。

關鍵字

同性戀態度；同性戀認知；同性戀公民權益；開放性；性別角色刻板印象

並列摘要

This research is to investigate university students’ attitudes and cognition toward homosexuality in the Philippines, to analyze the differences of attitudes and cognition among these students with different backgrounds, and to discuss the factors that affect their attitudes. The “Attitudes and Cognition toward Homosexuality Questionnaire” designed by Man-Chun Chen (2010) is employed. This questionnaire comprises multidimensional views from “LGB-KASH Scale” designed by Worthington’s (2005), which indicates 5 dimensions: Hate, Homosexuality civil rights, Internalized Affirmativeness, Knowledge of Homosexuality, and Conflict. The predictors of attitudes are background variables (gender、sexual orientation、grade、religion、with or without close LGB friends/ relatives、the frequency of contacting LGB correlative issues、parents’ education status、parents’ view on LGB community), psychological variables (openness to experience、gender role stereotypes), and cognitive variables (knowledge of homosexuality、conflict). The study samples are university students in Metro Manila. The researcher entered campus and chose the subjects by random. Two hundred and ten students from four different universities had received questionnaires, but only one hundred and ninety returned questionnaires were valid. The ratio of male and female subjects was nearly 1: 1. Research data were processed by SPSS 22.0 and analyzed by descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis to verify the hypothesis. The research results are as follow: 1.University students of the Philippines are generally respectful and tolerant for LGB community, while they need to be educated more about knowledge of homosexuality. 2.University students of the Philippines have significant differences in attitudes and cognition toward homosexuality. “Homosexuality civil rights” scores the highest average among 10 aspects, but it’s against general perception that those who support legal adoption by same-sex couples are 30% more than those who support same-sex marriage. 3.The background variables, such as “Religion” and “Parents’ Education Status” don’t affect the university students’ attitudes toward homosexuality in the Philippines. 4.The psychological variable, Gender Role Stereotypes, can’t predict the university students’ attitudes toward homosexuality in the Philippines. 5.The background variables, the psychological variables and the cognitive variables are capable of predicting the university students’ attitudes toward homosexuality in the Philippines. The influence of gender, sexual orientation, with or without close LGB friends/ relatives, the frequency of experiencing LGB correlative issues, openness to experience, and knowledge of homosexuality are stably and significant factors.