建構原住民文化特色民宿認證系統之研究

摘要綜觀國際趨勢，世界各國家對自己原住民的文化保存從漠視轉為積極保存，在這股世界潮流，台灣政府於1996年在行政院轄下成立「原住民族委員會」，表達維護保存原住民權益的決心，在文化教育政政策上做出許多改革，在就業上積極著手輔導協助，配合原住民崇尚自然久居山區的特性，鼓勵當地居民投入各種觀光產業，從各族群之祭儀、服飾、文化、藝術、飲食、傳統建築住屋等，發展各族群特色的部落觀光，藉以增加當地居民之收入，帶動地方經濟。有鑑於此，台灣主管交通部觀光局於2001年頒訂民宿管理辦法，只針對一般民宿設立審核後，核發合法民宿標識，亦有『好客民宿遴選』提升民宿服務品質。惟對於原住民地區設立具有文化特色民宿，尚須建構一套專屬的評鑑、評估、管理辦法，藉以提升服務品質和經營績效，推廣原住民文化、帶動部落經濟，以達永續經營。藉由德爾菲法和AHP層級分析法，本研究建構原住民文化民宿認證系統，增進原住民文化民宿業者在經營管理能步上軌道，提供顧客高服務品質的住宿體驗，亦從互動中學習尊重自然環境的承諾的保證。爰此本研究之目的為：建構原住民文化特色民宿指標(Indicators)與認證系統(Accreditation System)，經由認證系統的建立，提出輔導與服務措施。研究結果顯示認證系統的四個構面與權重，部落環境設施(0.1643473)、原住民文化特色(0.4156842)、服務品質(0.2176684)、部落參與(0.2023052)，專家群認為原住民文化特色民宿經營以「原民文化特色」為首要，據此建立原住民文化特色民宿認證系統與指標架構，並推展民宿教育訓練課程，以供對民宿經營有之參據。

關鍵字

原住民；原住民文化；民宿；認證系統；驗證流程

並列摘要

Abstract Reviewing the international trend comprehensively, various countries have turned their cultural preservation of indigenous peoples, from ignoring to active preservation. In this global trend, the Taiwan government established the Council of Indigenous Peoples in 1996 under the Executive Yuan, to express its determination of protecting the rights and interests of aboriginal people. Many reforms have been made in the cultural and educational policies, guidance and assistance in employment have been actively provided, matching with the characteristics of indigenous peoples that is advocating the nature, while living in the mountainous area for a long time. Local residents are encouraged to involve themselves in all kinds of tourism industry and tribal tourisms with the characteristics of individual ethnic group based on their sacrificial ceremonies, costumes, cultures, arts, diets, traditional buildings and houses, so as to increase the income of local residents and develop the local economy. In view of this, Taiwan’s Tourism Bureau issued a B&B management method in 2001, only for the audit of general residential establishment, the issuance of legal B&B logo. There is also “Taiwan Host: Hospitality Bed and Breakfast” to improve the quality of service. However, a set of exclusive assessment, evaluation and management measures for the B&B in indigenous peoples’ communities should be established to improve their service quality and business scale. This will not only promote the indigenous peoples’ culture, but promote the tribal economy and achieve sustainable development. Through the Delphi Method and Analytic Hierarchy Process, this study constructs a verification system of indigenous peoples’ cultural B&B to promote the local residents to stay on track in business management and to provide customers high-quality accommodation experience, as well as to learn from this interaction about the promise of respecting the natural environment. Therefore, the purposes of the study are to construct the indicators for the indigenous peoples’ cultural B&B and establishment of accreditation system, and to propose guidance and service measures through the established accreditation system. Study results has revealed the four aspects of weights of the accreditation system which are tribal environment facilities ( 0.1643473), aboriginal cultural characteristics (0.4156842), service quality (0.2176684) and tribal participation (0.2023052).Experts group thinks that aboriginal cultural characteristics is the most important one in the management of aboriginal cultural characteristics B&B and based on this, verification system and indicators framework for aboriginal cultural characteristics B&B were established, and also to promote educational and training courses for B&B, so as to provide references for the management of B&B.