現代漢語「V-穿」結構研究

An Investigation of V-chuan Constructions in Mandarin Chinese

張倚瑛(Yi-Ying Chang)

指導教授 ： 羅麗蓓

國立暨南國際大學/人文學院/外國語文學系/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6837/NCNU.2014.00091

摘要

本研究以現代漢語「V穿結構」為研究對象。許多文獻視「V穿結構」為動結式或是動補式結構，當穿作為動詞後置補語時，其功能在指涉事件的終結點。本文採用Talmy (2000)對語言類型的區分、事件框架(framing event)的理論架構及其對空間概念的結構說明，分析現代漢語的「V穿結構」，並試圖提出另一種看法:假設現代漢語為一個附加語框架語言(satellite-framed language)凸顯的語言，那麼穿做為附加語(satellite)在事件框架中，不僅可以標示事件的終結點，也可以指涉路徑(Path)。研究結果發現，除了凸顯終結點外，動詞後置補語穿也可凸顯整個位移途徑的三個場景(scene): 起始點、中介點以及終結點。
以事件框架的四個語義成分—主體 (Figure)、背景 (Ground)、動作過程 (activating process)以及係聯功能 (association function)—檢視「V穿結構」。研究發現: 一、若事件框架中存在一個非實體的背景，那麼這個非實體的背景極有可能暗示穿做為具有係聯功能的路徑詞，將背景全面性的檢視 (holistic inspections)。二、若穿表示的路徑和背景共構 (homomorphism)，其核心圖式 (core schema)標記著路徑及背景共構成為一個遞增客體 (incremental theme)，凸顯了與時俱進的進程，即證明了穿不只凸顯終結點。三、穿與動詞的搭配除了其自身的語意限制外，事件框架中的主體或背景的語意特徵條件也與穿有極為密切的關係。
總結，路徑作為物體移動的方向與途徑，是語言表達中的基本概念，也是事件框架中最重要的核心成分。動詞後置補語穿作為一個標示路徑的附加語，能選擇凸顯整個位移途徑的起始點、中介點以及終結點。

關鍵字

V穿結構 ； 事件框架 ； 路徑

並列摘要

In the literature genre, many works conducted discussions on the syntactic constraints and interpretations of post-verbal chuan a resultative verbal complement ( Lü 2003, Song 2007, Sun, 2010, Xue 2010, and Zhu 2010). That is to say, if a post-verbal chuan is regarded a RVC, it highlights the ending point. However, this study aims to provide another perspective in cognitive linguistics.
This research adopts Talmy’s (2000a, b) framing event framework and his spatial relationships observations to analyses V-chuan constrictions in Mandarin Chinese. Differing from previous studies, the study provides evidence that chuan in V-chuan constructions is not necessary a RVC, which is prominently regarded an ending point; oppositely, chuan as a satellite Path in V-chuan constructions highlights the scenes of the route. In other words, chuan may arbitrarily profile the initial, the middle, or ending points as a Path associates with a whole framing event. Thus, Path salience is found to be significantly associated with highlighting scenes of the entire trajectory.
In the investigation of the V-chuan constructions, chuan holds an association function (i.e. Path) in the framing event. Our conclusion shows that if it encodes holistic inspections, this event entails a nonphysical ground entity instead. The Path coincides with the ground entity to be a homomorphism, while the core schema is indicated by the Path and Ground together, and thus encodes an incremental theme, in which, the affected object is accumulated through time. This motion represents a sequential movement, which is not always highlighting the end point.
To sum up, Path is the direction of the route of a moving object and it is one of the most important concepts constituting framing event. Besides, language structures reflect our concepts. If a route collocates with cong ‘from’ and dao ‘to’, the Path is profiled.

並列關鍵字

V-chuan ； framing event ； Path

參考文獻

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