產學關係持續性之研究

近年來，大學被視為科技知識的重要來源，各國政府紛紛將提升產學合作作為科技政策的重要策略思維，藉以提升國家創新能力。大學的發展策略思維也逐漸將重點放在如何創造及商業化其研究成果。然而，近年來台灣的產學合作績效逐年下滑，產業界對於大學研究資源與成果的投資有減少的趨勢，本研究目的在於了解台灣的產學合作政策效果，以及探討產學關係持續性的影響因素。本研究針對產業進行問卷調查，採取二階段研究策略。第一階段的探索性調查研究結果如下：(一)廠商視產學關係的穩定性為產學合作績效的重要指標；(二)關係性變數(如信任及承諾)及經濟性變數(如產出結果及商業化程度)同時影響廠商對產學合作關係的知覺經驗；(三)產學合作政策對廠商參與產學合作的意願沒有顯著影響，經費補助及中介組織等產學合作政策無法有效提升廠商參與產學合作之意願。根據第一階段研究發現及過去文獻的探討，本研究提出四項影響產學關係持續性之因素：溝通、信任、關係承諾及知覺價值，並據此發展出一個整合性的產學關係持續性模式。第二階段調查研究發現，關係承諾顯著影響產學關係持續性，此點與過去關係行銷理論一致。本研究進一步採取結構方程模式分析，檢定模式配適度及路徑係數，研究發現溝通、信任、關係承諾、知覺價值及持續性有顯著的正向關係。其中，本研究發現知覺價值在關係承諾及持續性的影響關係中，具有顯著的中介效果，此發現迥異於過去關係行銷理論。質言之，產學合作雖然可以透過政策干預而形成，然而著眼於長期關係利益的產生，產學關係必須考慮其經濟性及社會性交易的特性。另外，產學關係必須考慮知識的信任財特性，如同商業交易關係，產學關係中的知識交易雖然也強調經濟性報酬，但是對產學合作的知識接受者而言，知識交易通常無法在交易當時或事後衡量其績效，因此關係持續性對於產學關係績效十分重要，而這種持續性關係乃建立在顧客忠誠度之基礎上。本研究所提出之產學關係持續性模式針對產學關係績效之文獻提出一個新的理論架構，不僅可作為產學合作實務上之管理指標，亦對國家創新體系提出了微觀的理論基礎。

關鍵字

產學合作；持續性；關係承諾；國家創新體系

並列摘要

University-industry relationship (UIR) has become a central concern for policy makers to enhance the national system of innovation (NSI), as universities are important sources of new scientific knowledge. A growing number of universities are redefining their objectives in terms of identifying, creating and commercializing their research output. However, the decreasing investment of UIR by the industry in Taiwan prompts us to think: How effective are the policy measures? What determines the relationship continuity? This study adopted a two-stage research strategy. In the phase-one study, several findings emerged. First, the stability of university-industry relationship was identified as a critical dimension of the relationship performance. Second, this study finds that relational factors (i.e. trust and commitment) and economic factors (i.e. delivery of outcomes and commercial concerns) perceived by the firms were relevant variables affecting the perception of UIR experiences. Third, the result shows that the impact of UIR promotion policy was limited. Financial incentives and intermediary organizations alone were not effective in enhancing firms’ expectation of future cooperation with universities. In the phase-two study, an integrated UIR continuity model was developed to investigate what determined the continuity of university-industry relationship. The findings confirmed that UIR continuity was enhanced by relationship commitment, consistent with the relationship marketing scheme that conceptually guided this study. The SEM analysis offered support for the statistically significant relationships between communication, trust, relationship commitment, perceived value and continuity. However, the effects of perceived value as a critical mediating construct between relationship commitment and continuity differ from what has been suggested in previous studies. It should be noted that the Academia-to-Business (A2B) relationships may be formed through government intervention programs. However, for the long-term benefits to be materialized, the nature of credence service in the relational exchange should be prudently recognized. Although the importance of economic returns from UIR is not less stressed than in Business-to-Business (B2B) relationships, knowledge (credence service) exchange in the university-industry relationship is often difficult for customers to evaluate even after purchase and use. The sustaining relationships are critical in bringing about relationship performance and based on the cultivation of customer loyalty. Therefore, the proposed UIR continuity model may serve as a guiding post for both universities and firms wishing to reap the long-term benefits of UIR. The findings of this study contribute to the literatures of UIR performance as well as provide a micro foundation for enhancing the effectiveness of NSI.

並列關鍵字

University-industry relationship ； continuity ； relationship commitment ； NSI

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