臺美中小學電子教科書發展之比較

本研究以臺美中小學電子教科書發展為主題，藉由比較研究及內容分析探討臺灣與美國電子教科書發展，就臺美中小學電子教科書發展、相關政策、電子教科書之類型與功能、相關問題進行探究。其研究結果為：推動電子教科書已成為世界潮流，美日韓等先進國家更是積極發展，臺灣在欠缺中央單位整合的情形下，全面推動可行性不高；從世界各國推動的角度來看，電子教科書的發展應屬於國家層級，唯有透過國家之力才能妥善規劃相關的軟硬體政策，目前臺灣推動電子教科書的實驗交由各縣市發展，國家政策規劃不明確；目前在中小學使用的電子教科書，定式仍是主要類型，美國電子教科書功能設計，以學生學習作為出發點，臺灣則以教師使用為主；而在推動電子教科書的問題，美國政策規劃完整，能有效減低問題，有利推動電子教科書；臺灣政策欠缺一貫性，在推動上則有許多障礙；在使用時產生的問題，兩國差異不多，網路成癮及健康問題仍是注意的焦點。就以上結果建議：成立中央級的電子教科書專責單位、訂定明確的實施日期、成立電子教科書統籌機構、放寬教科書定義、重新思考電子教科書的功能、持續規劃軟硬體建設、建立電子教科書審查制度、學生身心健康問題仍應持續關注。

關鍵字

電子教科書；國民中小學；臺灣；美國；比較研究法

並列摘要

This research aims to investigate the similarities and differences between the developments of e-textbooks in both Elementary and Secondary education in Taiwan and the US. The research results are as follow: Though a worldwide trend to promote the application of e-textbooks, advanced nations like the US, Japan and Korea are especially active. Yet, it is highly unlikely to carry out the policy in full-scale in Taiwan without integrative assistant from central government. Summing up experiences from all over the world, only through enforcement of the entire country can relative software and hardware polices be well-regulated. In Taiwan, the experimental promotion is executed by separate counties. Hence, regulations and national policies are yet unclear. “Page-fidelity” is currently the dominating type. Whereas the design and function of e-textbooks in the US are pupil-oriented, Taiwan mainly focuses on conveniences for teachers to use. The US has more through plans, which can effectively cut down problems and are beneficial for e-textbooks practicing. On contrary, Taiwan is lack of coherence of policy, more obstacles need to be overcome. There isn’t much difference on problems in both areas. The tendency of addition and abuse of the Internet and health concerns still draw most attention. Possible solutions are: Taiwan should set up an exclusive unit subordinated to the central government. This unit should be in charge of all relative matters including making a proper broadened definition; reconstructing core usages and functions; working out a clear time line and goals; constantly installing equipments; establishing audition system; finally, but not least important, constant concern about mental and physical health of each student.