台灣學校社工對東南亞籍新移民家庭的跨文化服務知能與困境

The School Social Workers' Knowledge, Attitude, Skills, and Difficulties on Cross-Cultural Services toward Southeast Asian Immigrants in Taiwan

謝亞彤(Ya-Tung Hsieh)

指導教授 ： 林開忠

國立暨南國際大學/人文學院/東南亞學系/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6837/NCNU.2015.00072

摘要

隨著政治民主、經濟發展、社會變遷、校園開放，學生的需求與問題日益多元，學生的文化背景也多元。新移民背景的學生已占全國中小學人數10%，其中以東南亞籍新移民子女占了六成之多，這些新移民子女也將成為台灣未來的中堅分子，勢必影響未來台灣社會之發展，與其相關的教育與輔導議題是值得審慎看待的。
2011年國民教育法第十條修正後，於學校輔導人力內加入社會工作專業，旨在因應複雜多元的學生需求。本研究欲探討在社會變遷之下應運而生的學校社工，是否有能力回應社會現況之需求。研究問題聚焦於台灣籍的學校社工，對於東南亞籍新移民家庭提供跨文化服務時的現況，及其所展現的跨文化服務知能以及遭遇的困境。
本研究採用半開放式問卷與深度訪談方式，邀請台北市、新北市、新竹市共九位現任之學校社工，共同參與研究。研究發現學校社工在跨文化服務時，受到主流與次級文化、專業與個人價值、理想與現實等拉扯之下，呈現出多樣的跨文化服務樣貌。
在知識方面，以本身之工作經驗累積對東南亞籍移民生活現況的認知，對其原生國家文化背景之掌握顯得不足；在態度方面，以社會正義的角度看待東南亞籍新移民的處境，秉持開放尊重的態度，對社會的不友善及政策的不周全提出批判；在技能方面，察覺文化差異所形成的問題，以多元彈性的策略處遇跨文化服務時遭遇之困境，並適時連結新移民之相關社會福利資源。除此之外，跨文化社會工作是一動態的歷程，學校社工必須不斷地反思、檢討與增進文化敏感度及文化勝任能力。最後根據研究發現，對社會工作教育、新移民政策、跨文化社會工作與學校社工體系等面向提出建議。

關鍵字

學校社工 ； 東南亞 ； 新移民 ； 跨文化服務

並列摘要

Accompanying the democratic politics, economic development, social changes, the needs and problems of students become more diverse, so is the cultural background of students. In Taiwan, there are around ten percent of junior and elementary school students who have immigrant background, among them, sixty percent are decedents of Southeast Asian immigrants. These children may also play an important role in the future and affect the social development in Taiwan. Therefore their educational development and counseling issues can’t be ignored.

Social workers have started to join school counseling team to provide services for diverse students since the Amendment of the Compulsory Education Law in 2011. This research intends to investigate whether social workers are able to cater for social changes. The research focuses on the situation, knowledge, attitude, skills and difficulties of Taiwanese school social workers on cross-cultural services toward Southeast Asian immigrants.

This research adopts semi open-ended questionnaire and interviews nine social workers from schools in Taipei, New Taipei and Hsinchu Cities. The research findings indicate that school social workers provide various types of cross-cultural services under different struggles between main-stream culture and subculture, professional knowledge and personal values, and ideals and reality.

Most school social workers accumulate the perception of the immigrants’ living conditions from their experiences. They seem not to have adequate knowledge on the immigrants’ hometown cultural background. Social workers treat Southeast Asian immigrants with social justice. They criticize the unfriendliness of the society and the incompleteness of the government’s policies with an open and respectful attitude. Social works are aware of the problems caused by cultural differences. They use diverse and flexible strategies to confront difficult situations in cross-cultural services and provide immigrant-related social resources timely. School social workers must do self-reflection constantly, examine and improve their cultural sensitivity and have the competence to face cross-cultural social work. Based on the research findings, this research provides suggestions on social work education, immigration policy, cross-cultural social work and school social work system.

並列關鍵字

school social worker ； Southeast Asia ； immigrant ； cross-cultural service

參考文獻

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