台德中等教育英語師資供需系統之比較：系統動態學模式

英語教育在台灣是一個重要的教育議題，而師資培育是英語教育成功與否的關鍵因素之一，因此英語師資供需政策也是師資培育政策重要的一環。1994年台灣政府通過實施師資培育法後，使得師資供給大量的增加，然而需求面卻因為少子化的趨勢而造成師資需求驟減，導致師資供給遠大於需求的失衡情形。他山之石可以攻錯，德國在1960至1990年間同樣經歷師資供給大於需求的情況，但到了1990年以後卻轉變成師資供給小於需求的狀況。事實上影響師資供需之變因十分複雜，而且是一個動態的過程，而德國的師資供需經驗值得參考比較。本研究利用系統動態學，探討台灣與德國的英語師資供需系統結構，並且比較兩國英語師資供需系統結構之異同。研究結果：顯示台灣與德國面臨不同的英語師資供需失衡問題，台灣因為師資培育政策缺乏系統觀，造成供過於求的現狀，而德國則在市場供需法則下，呈現供給短缺的結果。最後本文做了台灣英語師資供需之相關的政策模擬與討論。

關鍵字

中等教育；師資培育；師資供給；師資需求；系統動態學；政策模擬

並列摘要

English education is an important educational issue in Taiwan. The teacher education is one of the key factors to the success of English education. Thus, the demand and supply of the English teacher is also an important part of the English teacher education policy. Taiwan’s government passed and implemented the teacher education law in 1994, making a lot of increase in the supply of teachers. On the demand side; however, because of the trend of declining birth rate, the result of teacher demand has become weaker which leads to a serious disequilibrium between demand and supply of teachers. Germany also faced teacher demand and supply disequilibrium during the period from 1960 to 1990. Nevertheless, the demand of the English teacher fell short of the supply after 1990. Success of German English teacher education is worth referring and comparing. In fact, the variables affecting teacher demand and supply is very complex and is a dynamic process. This study used system dynamic to explore demand and supply system structure of English teacher in Taiwan and Germany. At the same time, this study also compared the differences of English teacher demand and supply system architecture between two countries. This study shows that Taiwan and Germany face a different English teacher demand and supply disequilibrium. While Taiwan is oversupply caused by lacking system thinking, Germany is in short supply caused by market rule. Finally, demand and supply of Taiwan’s English teacher related policies are simulated and discussed.