基督教靈性輔導對新加坡病態賭徒戒賭康復之探究

本研究主旨在探討新加坡病態賭徒沉迷賭博的因素；他們的困擾與如何應對難題以及基督教靈性輔導對他們的戒賭歷程的影響和介入意義何在。本研究採用質性研究之深度訪談法來收集資料，共訪談三位前病態賭徒，訪談後針對所得的資料進行分析，對未來提出建議要。本研究之主現發現如下：本研究結果顯示，新加坡病態賭徒沉迷賭博的因素可歸納六個因素，亦即：一、環境的影響；二、欲望的滿足；三、扭曲認知的信念導致病態賭徒沉迷賭博；四、華人文化傳統的影響；五、新加坡社會環境的因素；六、個人特質。病態賭徒所面對的困擾可歸納三個問題，亦即：一、面對債臺高築的問題，包括「到處借錢還債」、「大耳窿追債與騷擾」；二、面對家庭的問題，包括「連累家人的問題」、「影響與配偶的關係問題」、「導致配偶患上憂鬱症的問題」、「影響兒女的問題」、「全家人陷入絕境」；三、賭徒自身面對問題，可歸納七個方面，亦即：情緒低落，健康受影響；失去自尊；活在恐懼懼怕中「怕被追債，怕阿窿」；自殺傾向；觸犯刑事罪；工作危機。另外病態賭徒應對難題的方法可歸納六個方面，亦即：一、借貸、騙與偷；二、用各種方法逼家人幫忙還債；三、躲避債主；四、再賭一把；五、尋求神明的幫助；六、努力工作還債。基督教靈性輔導對病態賭徒戒賭歷程的影響與介入意義分別有：一、諮商輔導介入的意義，包括個人諮商輔導介入產生的影響，可用個人諮商輔導或個人基督教諮商輔導、和團體諮商輔導介入產生的影響；二、基督教靈性輔導介入的意義，包括病態賭徒本身發生的改變，醫治釋放禱告產生勝過賭博力量、給病態賭徒帶來心靈的力量和勇氣「生命的改變」，可細分為：勇敢面對自己的問題「與大耳窿、貸款公司談判」；勇敢面對眾人做見證；從賭博的捆綁中得到釋放；心裡平靜安穩不再驚慌；重新恢復在家中的丈夫,父親的角色；重新得到自尊,被人尊重; 三、信念的改變, 包括七方面的改變：凡事感恩，不再貪求；以前推責任，現在承擔責任；謙卑自己接受他人；以前追賭，現追求主「生活目標不再一樣」；以前靠已，現在靠主；由消極變樂觀的人生態度；以前灰心，現在充滿信心；四、賭徒與家人的關係發生改變，有三方面：重尋家人的信任；生命改變影響家人歸主；重建家人的關係「配偶與孩子，親人」；、賭徒獲得人際支援, 有兩方面：獲得弟兄姐妹的關愛；得到上司同事的接納; 六、支援小組對病態賭徒戒賭歷程的介入意義, 總結出有六方面的支援小組帶來的益處：賭徒本身得幫助-得到小組成員的扶持和鼓勵；家人也得到幫助-透過其他賭徒的家人鼓勵支持「在家庭支援小組內」；賭徒彼此之間互助-賭徒的互助自強；認識到是一生的改造；做義工幫助他人-也是一種自我治療；建立支援夥伴。研究者根據上述研究結果加以討論，並依據此結果提供若干建議以作為病態賭徒、專業助人工作者以及未來研究者的參考依據。關鍵字：基督教靈性輔導「心靈輔導」；戒賭歷程；病態賭徒。

關鍵字

基督教靈性輔導「心靈輔導」；戒賭歷程；病態賭徒

並列摘要

This research aims to explore Singapore pathological gamblers gambling factor, their distress and how to deal with the problem as well as a Christian spirituality counseling can affect gamblers on their gambling recovery process and the meanings of treatment involving Christian spirituality counseling. This research uses an in-depth interview method of qualitative examination to collect information. The interviews involve three former pathological gamblers. Based on analysis of the interviews, further proposals are then brought forward. This study found the following main: The results shows six key factors lead to addiction in gambling for Singaporean pathological gambers, which are namely: 1) environmental impact, 2) desire satisfaction, 3) distorted cognitive beliefs lead to pathological gamblers addicted to gambling, 4) traditional Chinese culture traditions, 5) factors of the social environment of Singapore, 6) personal character. Second, Pathological gamblers are facing problems can be summarized into three issues, namely: 1) face the debt-ridden, including "borrow money to repay the debt" and “loan sharks debt collection harassment"; 2) facing the family issues, including "family implicated problems", " the impact of relationship between spouses”, “the spouse suffering from depression”, “the impact of children's problems", "the whole family had reached an impasse"; 3) face the problem gamblers themselves, can be summarized in 7 aspects, namely: a) depression, health affected; b) the loss of self-esteem; c) living in the fear of fear, “fear of debt collection, afraid of Ah Longs "; d), suicidal tendencies ; e) commit a criminal offense; f) personality deviation; g) job crisis. Other pathological gamblers respond to the challenges can be summarized into six aspects, namely: 1) borrowing, cheat and steal; 2) use various methods ask family to help pay off creditors; 3) to avoid creditors; 4) to bet again; 5) to seek divine help; 6) hard work. Christian spiritual counseling on the impact of the gambling process of pathological gamblers and interventional significance: 1) an intervention, counseling intervention significance, including personal counseling intervention impact, available personal counseling or individual Christian counseling, and group counseling intervention impact; 2) the significance of Christian spiritual counseling intervention, including pathological gamblers change to heal itself, generating more than gambling strength, release of prayer for pathological gamblers brought about by spiritual strength and courage "life changes", can be subdivided into a) the courage to face their own problems with loan sharks, loan company negotiation; b) brave people from gambling testimony; c) to be released from the bondage of gambling; d) The heart so peacefully no longer panic; e) to regain a husband at home, the role of the father; f) to regain self-esteem, to be respected; 3) changes in beliefs, including 7 aspects: a) change everything Thanksgiving, no longer covet; b) before pushing the responsibility, now bear the responsibility; c) The humility to accept others; d) before pursued gambling, is the pursuit of the Lord "life goals are not the same"; e) The previously rely on, now the Lord; f) the negative into a positive attitude towards life; g) before discouraged, now full of confidence; 4) the relationship between the gambler and the family has changed, there are three aspects: to re-invent the family trust; the life change affect the family to the Lord; to rebuild family relationship "spouse, children, loved ones"; 5) gamblers to obtain interpersonal support, two aspects: access to the care of brothers and sisters; and the boss of my colleagues to accept; 6) support group of pathological gamblers, gambling the involvement of significance of the course, summed up the benefits of six aspects of support groups: a) the gamblers get help - to get the support and encouragement of the members of the group; b) the family to get help - encourage and support the family through other gamblers Family Support Group "; c) gambler mutual aid to each other - mutual aid self-reliance; d) of the gamblers recognize that life transformation e) volunteer to help others - is also a self-healing; f) to create a support partner mix . As study research findings will be discussed, and some suggestions and a number of recommendations will be share with others including pathological gamblers, professional social workers and future researchers for their reference. Keywords: Christian Spiritual Counseling; Recovery Process; Pathological Gamblers.