學習機制與任務特性對動態能力建構之影響

環境的快速變化下，組織若具有動態能力將能更有效地將組織資源轉變為競爭優勢。動態能力所強調的是組織針對環境的改變而整合、建立，及重組組織資源及能力，將來自內外部環境的資訊、刺激，透過選擇、複製、以及保留之階段，學習從過往經驗中所精煉出的知識，使組織具有與時俱進的能力，並且適應環境的變動。此外，企業能藉由學習來建立動態能力，而Zollo and Winter (2002)亦以學習的角度對動態能力的建立進行探究，當中並以經驗累積、知識表達、知識編碼三種不同學習機制進行探討，認為不同學習方式之資源分配在動態能力的建立上具有不同的效能。為了能更加了解學習對於動態能力建立之關係，本研究以Zollo and Winter (2002)的研究架構進行探究。本研究實證結果指出，學習機制中的「經驗累積」及「知識編碼」對於動態能力的建立具有顯著正向影響。此外，當任務或營運常規的執行頻率越低時，會越弱化經驗累積式的學習機制對建立動態能力的正向影響。

關鍵字

動態能力；學習機制；任務特性；組織常規

並列摘要

In the rapidly changing environmental conditions, the organizations that possess dynamic capabilities will utilize their resources to secure competitive advantage more effectively. Dynamic capabilities emphasize that the firm‟s ability to integrate, build, and reconfigure organization‟s resources and abilities. Through the stages of selection、replication and retention, organizations learn the knowledge that extracted from past experience could keep pace with the times and adapt to the changing environment. Moreover, enterprises can develop dynamic capabilities by learning. On the dynamic capabilities front, Zollo and Winter (2002) also investigate it through learning and identify it by learning mechanisms, experience accumulation、knowledge articulation and knowledge codification. Their research supposed that the different learning mechanisms will have different effectiveness on the deployment of research in developing dynamic capabilities. The objective of this study is to examine the research framework of Zollo and Winter (2002) to realize the relationship between learning and development of dynamic capabilities. The empirical results support that the「experience accumulation」and「knowledge codification」of learning mechanisms have significant positive influence on the development of dynamic capabilities. Moreover, when the frequency of the task or operating routines decrease, it will weaken the positive influence between「experience accumulation」and the development of dynamic capabilities.