- 學位論文
濡化、儒化：埔里育化孔子學堂的教育人類學研究
Enculturation and Confucianization: The Educational Anthropology Study of “Yu-Hwa Confucian School” in Puli
摘要
本論文是在埔里「昭平宮育化堂」進行教育人類學的研究，目的是探討民間儒教廟宇(鸞堂)內的濡化(enculturation)機制。而筆者是從育化堂所興辦的「育化孔子學堂」作為切入點以進行參與觀察與田野工作。我們發現，個體的「儒化」是這些課程目標也是育化堂信仰的體現，其中「詩」的能力則是關鍵。因此，廟裡的濡化不只是在不知不覺中發生的，還透過課程教學顯示它的針對性與目的性—濡化也可以是有意圖、有方法的操作；再者，將廟裡的教與學跟?乩扶鸞儀式過程對照，在結構與反結構之間，我們也發現這整個濡化與儒化是關聯於鸞堂的宗教信仰，是奠基在信徒與神明之間的信念結構；也因此，本研究將這樣的文化傳遞機制稱為「結構式濡化」。
並列摘要
This is an educational anthropology study of Confucianization process of a local temple, Yuhua Tang of Zhaoping Palace (Phoenix Hall), in Puli Township, Nantou County, Taiwan. The purpose was to explore the enculturation mechanism of folk Confucianism performed in Phoenix Hall. I conducted fieldwork at the temple’s Yu-Hwa Confucian School from April 2014 to April 2015. My focus was mainly put upon the Confucian classes or courses taught in the Phoenix Hall. I observed how the teaching and learning was performed. In addition, I interviewed many of the founders, teachers and students. I found that the teaching of Confucianism for the individuals was not only the goal of those courses, but the realization of the beliefs (Confucianization) was even more important. I also found that “the poetry ability” was the key in the Confucianization process. Therefore, the enculturation process inside the temple did not happen unconsciously. Instead, it took place through courses taught in the class. In other words, the curriculum was specific and purposeful. Thus, enculturation could also be intentional and operational. Furthermore, comparing the teaching in the ritual process of the spirit-writing training, between structure and anti-structure, this research also found that the whole enculturation and confucianization was associated with the religion of Phoenix Hall. They were built on the belief structure between the believers and the gods. Conseguently, I termed this cultural transferring mechanism as “structural enculturation.”