希望理論團體對改變大學生心理資本之效果研究─運用動手做烘焙體驗活動

本研究旨在探討希望理論團體運用動手做烘焙之體驗活動對於改變大學生心理資本之效果。本研究採用類實驗研究法「不等組前後測」實驗設計，研究對象為臺灣某大學部學生二十二名，分派至實驗組與對照組，其中實驗組接受每週一次，每次一百五十分鐘，共計六次的實驗處理─烘焙體驗希望團體，而對照組則不接受任何實驗處理。研究者以自編「大學生心理資本量表」做為量化之研究工具，對研究參與者實施前測與後測，將所得資料以單因子共變數分析進行統計考驗，以探討實驗處理的效果。實驗組成員於參與團體期間填寫團體單元內容回饋單、團體活動內容回饋單，並於團體結束後邀請實驗組成員進行焦點團體訪談，以瞭解大學生在實驗介入後心理資本的改變情形，作為研究結果之佐證與補充。本研究結果如下：一、烘焙體驗希望團體方案對於改變大學生心理資本具有立即性的輔導效果。在「大學生心理資本量表」總分及「復原力」構面、「樂觀」構面得分上具有立即性的輔導效果；但在「自我效能」構面、「希望感」構面未具有立即性的輔導效果。二、質性資料結果顯示，成員參與團體後，其心理資本普遍獲得正向影響，包含：在認知、情緒與行動上會以正向態度面對，也學習到自我激勵與自我肯定的方法。三、透過動手做烘焙體驗活動為媒介，能促進成員的心理資本，包含：提升正向情緒獲得內在療癒、提升了成就與自信、重新框架並以正向思維來思考。四、動手做烘焙能夠帶來的效益包含：正向情緒的創造、有助於建立人際關係、提升自我效能感、引導探索與覺察自我的媒介、生活化且具有實驗性的體驗活動。最後，根據本研究的結果和發現，提出相關限制與建議，以提供諮商輔導工作及未來研究之參考。

關鍵字

大學生；希望理論團體；心理資本；動手做烘焙；體驗學習

並列摘要

The main purpose of this study was to explore the immediate counseling effects on increasing college students’ psychological capital by hope-oriented theory via applying experiential learning program on do baking. The research was a quasi-experimental study and adopted non-randomized control-group pretest-posttest design. The research targeted 22 students in one of colleges in Taiwan. The participants were divided into experiential group and control group. The experiential group assigned to receive a group consultation of 150 minutes per week, and 6 experimental treatments in total-experiential learning program on doing baking. In the other hand, the control group didn’t receive any treatment during the research. The research which used ” Psychological Capital Scale for College” by self-editing as the tool of quantitative measurement conducted pre-test, post-test on study participants. The obtained data was proved in statistic by using analysis of covariance(ANCOVA), for investigating the counseling effects. Besides, the experimental group members had to fill out “the feedback forms of each group” during the group counseling,” the feedback forms of whole group”. Furthermore, the experimental group members were invited to the focus group interview after the end of group counseling, for the analysis of qualitative data, and for the purpose of getting the college students’ transformations in psychological capital through the group counseling. The main finding of this study were described as follows: 1.Hope-oriented theory via applying experiential learning program on doing baking had immediate counseling effects on increasing college students’ psychological capital. It showed on “Psychological Capital Scale for College”, “Resilience” facet, and “Optimism” facet. But it didn’t have immediate effects on ”Self-efficacy” facet, and “Hope” facet. 2.The results of qualitative data demonstrated the experimental group members’ psychological capital obtained positive effects in general after group counseling. The data included they could response the affaires with a positive attitude in cognition, sentiment and action. And they learned how to do the self-motivated method and self-affirmation. 3.Through the intermediary of experiential learning program on doing baking, it could promote the experimental group members’ psychological capital. The data included they could promote positive emotion and gain inner healing, promote the achievement and self-confidence, and think positively by reframing. 4.Doing baking could bring the benefit, it included to create the positive emotion, conduce to build relationship, promote self-efficacy, lead to be an intermediary of self-exploration, and be a real-life and experimental experience activities. Finally, according to the results and findings of the study, the researcher put some limitations and suggestions for practical work and future research.