以陳述型子句為賓語的英語動詞探析

這篇論文採用語意學方法探討英語中以陳述型子句為賓語的動詞。細看《牛津進階學習者詞典》的142個可接陳述型子句為賓語的常用英語動詞與《朗文當代英語詞典》的129個可接陳述型子句為賓語的常用英語動詞，我們提供148個常見英語動詞做為觀察的語料。藉由查詢這些動詞的個別意義，發現下列四種語義類別的動詞允許陳述型子句做為賓語：敘述動詞、認知動詞、感覺動詞、和需要動詞。我們分別列出不同種類之動詞，也找出《牛津進階學習者詞典》與《朗文當代英語詞典》針對某些動詞處理方式之相異之處，並歸納出例外。這些例外意即帶有敘述、認知、感覺、以及需要特性的動詞理應可選用陳述型子句做為賓語，但句法行為上卻有出入。事實上，這篇論文是Wierzbicka (1988)、Quirk et al. (1985)、和Rudanko (1989)的進一步探究。主要則根據Dixon (2005)的架構；然而，改編其動詞類別外，我們還提供更多觀察的範疇。

關鍵字

英語動詞類別；詞彙語意學；陳述型子句；補語結構

並列摘要

This thesis adopted a semantic approach to studying the type of English verb that takes a that-clause as complementation. By scrutinizing the 142 common English verbs in Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (OALD) and the 129 common English verbs in Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDOCE) that can take a that-clause as complementation, we came up with 148 common English that-clause verbs as our empirical data. By looking into the senses of these verbs, we were able to identify four semantic categories for the verbs that allow that-clause complementation: SAYING, KNOWING, FEELING, and REQUIRING. Verbs under each category were listed. Discrepancies between OALD and LDOCE in the treatment of certain verbs were found. Exceptions to our generalizations were given. They are verbs that bear SAYING, KNOWING, FEELING, or REQUIRING properties and should therefore take a that-clause as complementation, but syntactically they behave otherwise. In essence, this thesis is an improvement on Wierzbicka (1988), Quirk et al. (1985), and Rudanko (1989). It is based mainly on Dixon (2005); however, much more empirical coverage was provided, and his categories adapted.

並列關鍵字

English verb type ； lexical semantics ； that-clause ； complementation

參考文獻

Carter, R., & McCarthy M. (2006). Cambridge grammar of English: A comprehensive guide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Google Scholar

Dixon, R. M. W. (2005). A semantic approach to English grammar. New York: Oxford University Press.

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Hornby, A. S., Gatenby, E. V., & Wakefield, H. (1963). The advanced learner’s dictionary of current English (2nd ed.). London, England: Oxford University Press.