英國專門重點中學之研究

為確保21世紀的競爭優勢，世界各先進國家紛紛提出各項教育理念或改革措施，力求提昇國家競爭力。英國亦不例外。由2001年開始，新工黨政府擴大推動保守黨政府時期所推動的「專門重點中學計劃」，此一計畫可視為英國中等教育革新的旗艦政策，即藉由提供學校發展優勢的機會，促使他們成為專門重點學科領域中的模範，並能不斷創新，達到學校改善的目標。基於此，本研究由探究中等教育制度和政策變革的脈絡為基礎，來探究英國重點中學的相關概念，包括家長選擇權、篩選制度、績效責任和夥伴關係；其次，探究專門重點中學的源起歷程與推動情形，轉型的原因和各級教育機關在其中所扮演的角色；最後，針對相關概念，評估此類學校的實施成效與影響。本研究主要以文件分析法為主，依據所蒐集之官方法令規章、報告書、綠皮書、白皮書與相關文獻資料等，加以分析。本研究總結出，專門重點中學的實施特色為：一、是引領改革的手段；二、創辦動機在於改善學校學習成就；三、學校的角色重於地方和中央政府；四、強調學校本位管理；五、鼓勵私部門的參與；六、重視夥伴關係合作；七、以再委任申請建立學校自我改善的機制。至於對於此類中學的相關質疑與挑戰，主要有四：一、專門重點學科多元化，重視家長選擇權；然家長選擇權措施有違「教育機會均等」精神；二、實施部分篩選制度，創造競爭氛圍，中產階級成為最大受益者；三、發展夥伴關係之餘，應正視「學校文化」和「私部門夥伴關係永續發展」的挑戰。三、重視績效責任，導致重視學術成就的產出，輕忽教育的過程。

關鍵字

專門重點中學；家長選擇權；篩選制度；夥伴關係；績效責任

並列摘要

To ensure the national competitiveness in the 21st century, developed countries around the world have focused on innovative reforms in order to increase the competitiveness of the nation. The UK is no exception. The specialist schools programme initiated by the Conservative government in 1994 was reintroduced by the new Labour Party in 2001 in order to renovate the secondary education system. This study first explores the policy context and characteristics of secondary educational system in the UK and the relevant concepts such as parental choices, selection, accountability and partnership. Second, the development and practices of specialist schools are traced. Finally, the implementation of the programme is assessed and certain concerns are raised regarding this programme. This study is mainly conducted by documentary analysis. By collecting official regulations, reports, Green Paper, White Paper and other documents, the researcher analyses the impacts of specialist schools. It is concluded that there are four main challenges： 1. Although specialist schools emphasize multiple subjects to implement parental choices, it may have a negative impact on equality of educational opportunity. 2. The implementation of the selection system results to the increase of choices for middle class people. 3. Specialist schools develop partnership to promote quality of education. However, challenges arise from school culture and the sustained development of partnership with the private sector. 4. Specialist schools emphasize accountability and search for excellence which leads to the overemphasis of academic achievement and the negligence of schooling process.