基層公務員適用不確定法律概念困境之研究—以耕地三七五減租條例第19條相關案件為例

耕地三七五減租條例第19條規定關於「自任耕作」、「出租人所有收益足以維持一家生活」、「承租人失其家庭生活依據」、「擴大家庭農場經營規模」、「耕地」與「自耕地」及「鄰近地段內」等用語涉及不確定法律概念。2008年底耕地租約期滿後，與耕地三七五減租條例第19條相關行政訴訟案件中，行政法院判決與行政規則對於法律解釋之見解分歧，造成基層公務員適用耕地三七五減租條例第19條不確定法律概念之困境。本文以法律觀點及政策執行觀點為研究架構，討論困境形成的原因背景，並提出解決困境的辦法。法律觀點係解析耕地三七五減租條例第19條規定，討論不確定法律概念判斷的程序及基準；政策執行觀點係參酌「薩柏提爾與枚茲尼恩的政策執行模式」，從「政策問題的特質」、「政策本身的條件」及「政策之外的條件」三個面向，討論影響政策執行過程的各個因素。

關鍵字

耕地三七五減租條例；不確定法律概念；基層公務員；行政規則；政策執行

並列摘要

The rules of Article 19 of the Statute for the Reduction of Farmland Rend to 37.5 Percent, as ‘the lessor cannot cultivate by himself’, ‘all the lessor’s current income can maintain his family's subsistence’, ‘he lessee will lose the subsistence to maintain his family if the lessor retrieves the leased farm land’, ‘in order to expand the scale of farm operated by his family’, ‘the farm land’ and ‘the farm lands currently cultivated by the lessor’, and ‘adjacent sections’ are indefinite legal concepts. When the lease contract expires during 2008, the administrative courts and administrative rules have different opinions about legal interpretation, resulting in the difficulties of street-level civil servants apply indefinite legal concepts. The research is based on the view of legal opinion and policy implementation, discussing reasons for the formation of background plight, and proposes solutions to the plight of way. Legal opinions discuss procedures and benchmarks to judge indefinite legal concepts. The view of policy implementation uses ‘the mode of policy implementation proposed by P. Sabatier and D. Mazmanian”. Using the way of ‘tractability of the problem’, ‘ability of statute to structure implementation’, and ‘non-statutory variables affecting implementation’, and discussing factors that affect the policy implementation process.