觀光旅館業中高階女性主管生涯規劃之研究

本研究以觀光旅館業之中高階女性主管為研究對象，探討其在生涯規劃、生涯阻礙與生涯阻礙因應策略之關係。因此，本研究以質性研究中的深度訪談法，輔以半結構式的訪談大綱，挑選五位目前於觀光旅館業擔任超過兩年以上的中高階主管乙職的女性主管進行深度訪談。期能從過去的生命經歷與生涯規劃階段，挖掘影響其生涯規劃之生涯阻礙因素，並瞭解其生涯阻礙之因應策略為何。研究結果顯示，中高階女性主管的生涯規劃階段包含基層員工、初階主管與中高階主管等三個階段，每個階段會遇到不同應學習的重點與方向，包含把事情做對、主管溝通、新技能培養、橋樑扮演、學習適應、做對的事情、部屬培育及溝通能力再精進等內容。而在不同的生涯規劃階段中，女性主管會遭遇到內在與外在的阻礙因素。前者包含原生性別角色、本身個性影響、心理壓力、家庭對工作的衝突等四項內在阻礙因素；後者則包含職場的性別刻板印象、結婚、懷孕與生子、與上司的溝通衝突、工作對家庭的衝突及家人的支持等五項外在阻礙因素。為了有效克服因生涯阻礙造成的生涯規劃變動，中高階女性主管採行包含以問題為焦點、趨近因應、逃避因應與初級因應等四大因應策略，來面對、改變或調整當下自我的狀態及情境。本研究將結果提供中高階女性主管、基層女性員工、觀光旅館業及未來進行與本主題相關之研究者，在研究對象、研究範圍、研究方法與研究主題之具體建議。

關鍵字

觀光旅館業；生涯規劃；生涯阻礙；生涯阻礙因應策略；中高階女性主管

並列摘要

This study investigated the relationship among career plan, career barriers, and career coping strategy for barriers of middle and top female managers in tourist hotels. In the study, qualitative in-depth interviews with semi-structural outline were applied to five middle or top female managers with two or more years of experience on tourist hotels. By overviewing their past life experiences and career planning stages, we investigated the influential career barrier elements on their career plan and corresponding response strategy for their career plan. The results of this study reveal three stages, including entry level employees, primary supervisors, and middle or top female managers, in their career plan. In every stage, different emphasis and direction for learning marked their tasks, including doing things right, communicating with supervisor, developing new skills, facilitating cross- departmental communication, adapting to the environment, doing right things, training subordinates, and refining communication skills. Internal and external career barrier elements appeared in every stage. For internal barrier, four elements, the gender, influence from personal characteristics, mental pressures, and work-life balance, were found. On the other hand, external elements, including the image of on-job stereotypes, marriage, pregnancy and birth giving, communication conflicts with supervisors or family, and the support from family, were stated. To overcome the challenges on career barriers, they applied four strategies including problem focusing, approach responses, escape responses, and primary responses. They faced, changed, and adjusted the status and environment of themselves. This study provides substantial insights on research subjects, scale, methods and objects to female middle and top managers, female primary employees, tourist hotels and future researchers with relative topics.