國小中高年級學童正向心理與生活適應之相關研究

A Study on Positive Psychology and Life Adjustment in the Middle and High Grade Students of Elementary Schools

謝璟婷(Ching-Ting Hsieh)

指導教授 ： 蕭文

國立暨南國際大學/教育學院/輔導與諮商研究所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6837/NCNU.2008.00140

摘要

本研究主要在瞭解國小中高年級學童正向心理及生活適應之現況，以及探討兩者之間的關係。本研究以南投縣國小中高年級學童為研究對象，使用國小學童正向心理量表及國小學童生活適應量表進行問卷調查，共得有效樣本1147名，所得資料以描述統計、單因子變異數、Pearson 積差相關分析之。主要研究發現如下：
國小中高年級學童的正向心理表現良好，其中以樂觀知足的表現最好；而生活適應狀況亦普遍良好，其中以同儕適應的狀況最好。
國小中高年級女生的正向心理及生活適應各向度皆優於男生。而四年級學童正向心理的表現優於五、六年級學童；四、五年級學童生活適應的狀況優於六年級學童。雙親家庭學童的正向心理及生活適應皆優於單親家庭及其他家庭結構的學童。
在整體與各向度中，國小中高年級學童正向心理與生活適應呈現顯著正相關。正向心理的表現愈佳，生活適應的情況就愈好；而生活適應狀況良好者，在正向心理上也有較好的表現。
最後，本研究根據研究結果進行討論，並進一步提出建議，以供學校、家長及後續研究作為參考。

關鍵字

國小中高年級學童 ； 正向心理 ； 生活適應

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to understand the current situation and the relationship of positive psychology and life adjustment among middle and high elementary school students. Samples were drawn from the fourth to sixth grade from elementary school students in Nantou. Two questionnaires, elementary school student positive psychology questionnaire and life adjustment questionnaire, were used. The total samples is used were 1147. A descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA and Pearson product-moment correlation were used. Results are as follows:
Middle and high elementary school students’ score on positive psychology was above the average, with the hightest score on the dimension of optimistic. Middle and high grade elementary school students’ score on life adjustment was above the average, with the hightest score on the dimension of interpersonal adjustment.
Girls of middle and high elementary schools on positive psychology and life adjustment were highter than boys in all dimensions. Fourth grade students were better than fifth and sixth grade students on the scale of positive psychology. Fourth and fifth grade students’ life adjustment was superion than sixth grade students’. Also, students of intact family were superion than students of single-parent family and other structures family on the scale of positive psychology and life adjustment.
In all, the positive psychology and life adjustment of middle and high elementary school students were related with significant positive correlation.
Final suggestions of this study are discussed, and recommendations are provided for schools, parents and future studies.

並列關鍵字

middle and high elementary school students ； positive psychology ； life adjustment

參考文獻

賴怡君（2002）。國小學童情緒智力發展與依附關係、生活適應之關係研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。

Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227-238.

中文部份

王沂釗（1994）。家庭結構、家庭關係與青少年生活適應之分析研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導學系碩士論文，未出版，彰化市。

王沂釗（2005）。幽谷中的曙光－正向心理學發展與希望理論在輔導上的應用。教育研究月刊，134，106-117。