智能障礙者雙老家庭的服務經驗

本研究的主要目的在於了解智能障礙者雙老家庭接受服務時的限制，以及專業工作者於提供服務歷程中所面臨的困境、因應與關鍵因素，並探究智能障礙者雙老家庭服務於服務輸送與實際需求間的落差。為回應研究目的，本研究採質性研究方法，共計訪談八位曾參與智能障礙者雙老家庭相關服務之參與者，其中包括六位服務提供者以及兩位服務規劃者，以深入了解服務的脈絡與歷程。根據研究資料之整理、歸納、分析與討論後的結果為：一、智能障礙者雙老家庭在長期缺權的情形下，沒有機會或習慣去思考、表達其需求，因此影響其對於服務的信任度與接受度。二、主管/組織對於服務的態度是助力亦是阻力，既影響服務的推動與執行，也形成專業工作者在服務過程中的推力與拉力。三、相關服務資源之設計「假設」有需求者皆為了解自己權益且有能力申請之人，長期缺權的智能障礙者雙老家庭則因此容易成為福利資源的隱形人口。四、智能障礙者雙老家庭服務原先因看見需求而推動，並以預防為概念，但在績效導向的思維下，已漸由問題解決模式的服務所取代。五、針對需要透過長期陪伴建立關係的智能障礙者雙老家庭，能提供在地性服務且了解雙老家庭困境與需求的地方家長協會之重要性應被看見。據此，本研究針對政策面提出之建議包括：建置跨域網絡合作的服務、規劃應地制宜的服務、整合各相關服務資源、設立社區服務的窗口；另針對實務面提出之建議包括：提升專業工作者的社會工作知能、落實社會工作的督導制度。期待透過服務之規劃與執行端的重新檢視與修正，讓這群「永遠的父母」即使不用放下責任，也可以試著放下負荷。

關鍵字

智能障礙者雙老家庭（憨老家庭）；中高齡智能障礙者；充權

並列摘要

The aim of this research is to identify the limitations of the aging families of adults with intellectual disabilities in receiving services, as well as the difficulties, responses and key factors faced by professional workers in the process while providing services. It is also to explore the gap between service delivery and actual demand for the aging families of adults with intellectual disabilities. The qualitative method was adopted to respond the research purposes and a total of eight participants whom have participated in services which related to the aging families of adults with intellectual disabilities were interviewed, including six service providers along with two service planners, in order to comprehend the context and development process of the services. The findings of this study are as follow: (a.) Lacking of empowering status reduced the opportunities or habits for the aging families with intellectual disabilities with a sense of thinking and expressing the demands, thus it effected the confidence and acceptance level towards the services. (b.) The attitude of the supervisors /organizations towards service is both a boost and a resistance, which not only affected the promotion and execution of the service, but also formed the thrust and pull of the professional workers during the service process. (c.) The design of related resources “assumed” which those in needs are those who are capable to understand their rights and are able to apply for the resources. Therefore, the aging families with adults with intellectual disabilities whom have been lacking of powers will easily become the invisible population of welfare resources. (d.) Home care services for the aging families with mental disabilities were originally promoted by spotting needs and taking prevention as the main concept, but under the performance-oriented thinking, it has gradually been replaced by problem-solving services. (e.) Regarding the needs of aging families with intellectual disabilities which require a long term accompany to establish a close rapport. The importance of local parent association that can provide local services and aware of the plights and needs of aging families should be taken seriously. As stated above, regarding to the current policy aspect, this research proposed suggestions as following: establishing services for cross-domain network cooperation, integrating various related service resources, and setting up community service contacts; also, as for the practical aspect, improving the competency of professional workers and implementing the supervision system of social work. The research was looking forward to allow this group of “Parents Forever” can try to let go of their heavy loads, through the re-examination and modification of the service planning and execution, even if they will not be able to let go of their responsibilities.