當地外包之決定因素

過去的研究，大多是以多國籍企業的角度出發，認為海外子公司的角色在於支援與執行母公司的全球性策略。但在原物料成本紛紛上漲下，多國籍企業為了降低營運成本，提高生產效率，並使公司整體獲利能力提高，開始將勞力密集度高、替代高以及技術層面較低的非策略性活動，交由海外子公司外包給當地企業來執行；而近年來，多國籍企業也逐漸將財務、軟體發展與產品開發等高附加價值的活動，從原本多國籍企業的事業網絡，移轉至其他中低薪的海外子公司生產，使得母公司本身可以更專注於企業內部的核心強項。因此，本研究將專注於多國籍企業的海外子公司，並以交易成本、資源依賴、網絡鑲嵌理論與當地外包之相關研究來做為理論基礎，進而探討為何多國籍企業會將高附加價值的活動移往海外子公司，以及找出影響海外子公司將外包活動交予當地廠商執行的因素。

關鍵字

交易成本；資源依賴；網絡鑲嵌；子公司自主性；當地外包

並列摘要

The past research focuses were almost from the MNEs perspectives, and were emphasized that the role of foreign subsidiary was based on the implementation or support of the MNEs’ global strategies. However, to lower the operational costs, elevate the productive efficiency so as to make the corporate profitability higher, MNEs gives the labor-intensive, low-technological, and non-strategic activities to foreign subsidiaries outsourcing to the local firms. And the present studies shows that MNEs increasingly transfer the high-value added activities from the business network of MNEs to the lower-wages subsidiary, such as finance, software development, and product development etc.. Therefore, this study will emphasize on the MNE subsidiary to explore why MNEs have transferred the highly value-added activities to the subsidiaries, and to find out what factors would affect the MNE subsidiary on the decision making of local outsourcing by local firms by introducing the four main theories – transaction cost theory, resource dependence theory, network embeddedness theory, and related research of local outsourcing.