新手團體領導者與成員知覺團體氣氛一致性與團體成效之相關研究

本研究旨在探討新手領導者與成員兩者所知覺的團體氣氛是否一致，以及其一致性與團體成效間關聯為何。本研究以11組新手領導者帶領之團體、83名成員為樣本，於每一次團體結束後測量團體氣氛，共蒐集540筆資料，另採用目標投訴量表進行前後測以了解團體成效。所獲得資料以折線趨勢圖、Spearman 等級相關係數檢定以及階層線性模型等統計方法進行分析。研究結論如下：一、新手領導者與成員間知覺團體氣氛的一致性對團體成效無顯著解釋力。且各組別間的組間變異小，代表各組團體的成效無顯著不同。二、新手領導者知覺的團體氣氛與成員知覺的團體氣氛有一至三成達到顯著高度相關。三、從各組團體氣氛趨勢圖來看，發現有9組團體其新手領導者與成員知覺團體氣氛的發展曲線相近，佔81.82%。四、新手領導者與成員知覺團體氣氛之差異主要分為兩種，其一為新手領導者整體傾向低估投入氣氛、高估衝突與逃避氣氛，其二為新手領導者知覺的團體氣氛分數起伏程度較成員劇烈。五、成員知覺的團體氣氛變化較為平淡，且成員知覺的團體氣氛變化形式較新手領導者更為多元。六、在這些團體氣氛中，較大的共通性為在團體中後期出現衝突階段，也就是團體氣氛呈現投入下降，衝突或逃避提升的趨勢，共8組的新手領導者（佔73%）以及7組成員知覺到此現象（佔64%）。根據研究結果，本研究進一步討論並提出建議，提供新手團體領導者及未來研究之參考。

關鍵字

新手領導者；團體氣氛；一致性

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to explore whether the group climate of both novice leaders and members is congruent, and the relationship between the congruence and group outcomes.The study involved 83 members of 11 counseling groups which leading by novice group leaders. Group members and leaders completed the measures of group climate after each session. A total of 540 data were collected. Outcomes were operationalized as pre- to postchanges in Target Complaint form. The data are analyzed by statistical methods such as line trend graph, Spearman rank correlation coefficient test, and hierarchical linear model. The research conclusions are as follows: 1. The congruent of group climate between novice leaders and members has no significant explanation for group effectiveness. And the variation between groups is small, which means that the outcomes of each group is not significantly different. 2. The group climate of novice leaders and members reach a significant high correlation between 10% to 30%. 3. From the group climate trend chart of each group, it is found that there are 9 groups whose novice leaders and members perceive the development curve of group atmosphere similarly, accounting for 81.82%. 4. There are two main differences in the perception of group climate between novice leaders and members. One is the overall tendency of novice leaders to underestimate the atmosphere of engagement, avoidance and conflict. The other is the degree of fluctuations in the group climate of novice leaders. More intense than members. 5. The changes in the group climate of members are relatively flat, and the changes in the group climate of members are more diverse than those of novice leaders. 6. In these groups, the greater commonality is that there are conflicts in the middle and later stages of the group, that means, the group climate shows a trend of declining investment, conflict or avoidance and promotion. A total of 8 groups of novice leaders (accounting for 73%) and 7 group members were aware of this phenomenon (64%). Based on the research results, this research further discusses and makes recommendations to provide novice group leaders and future researches. Key words: Novice Group Leader, Group Climate, Congruence