社區發展協會領導者前瞻性人格特質與轉型式領導的相關性研究

大環境變動劇烈，具有領導力、競爭力與優良的領導管理階層是非營利組織賴以生存的最大利器。又近二十年，正向心理學興起，人們開始關注正向特質、正向主觀經驗與正向環境對於人類正向功能的幫助。本研究以「領導者之正向特質」：具前瞻性與積極主動性，具有遠見、恆心、毅力、高洞察力，不屈於劣勢環境，且會主動辨別機會並採取行動…等特性之前瞻性人格特質為研究變項；另以「正向領導」：領導者為被領導者創造正向主觀經驗與正向環境的，領導者本身具有遠見、領導魅力與使命願景，能吸引被領導者追隨，並且運用領導策略提高被領導者的潛力與需求，驅使被領導者自發性的成就組織使命願景，可引起廣大正向變革的轉型式領導為另一研究變項。研究對象則以漸趨重要位置的社區發展協會領導者，來探討兩個變項的相關性。本研究的研究結果發現，前瞻性人格特質與轉型式領導具中度相關。

關鍵字

社區發展協會；前瞻性人格特質；轉型式領導

並列摘要

The good leadership, competitiveness and well-management are the basic elements for the non-profit organizations to survival in the great changing environment. Nearly two decades, the Positive Psychology raising up, people start to pay attentions on the positive traits, positive subjective experiences, and the affection of environments for people mental to the positive side. This research focus on the leader s’ positive traits, including the foresight, proactive, vision, perseverance, insistence, high insight, and no giving up in the disadvantage status. Instead, the leaders would keep on the positive thinking to create the chance and take action. The positive-leaders would direct the groups to the light environments, and guide group to the subjective experiences. The profile of the leaders including the vision, leadership charm, and hope would attract the group to follow. The positive-leaders could use the strategies to improve the followers’ potential and needs, furthermore, drive the followers’ spontaneous to achieve the organizer mission. This research surveys the leaders of the Community Development Associations and finds that the prospective personality traits and the transformational leadership are moderate correlation.