斜槓工作者之生涯建構與發展研究

Research on the Career Construction and Development of Slash Workers

陳梅鄉(Mei-Hsiang Chen)

指導教授 ： 蔡怡君

國立暨南國際大學/教育學院/終身學習與人力資源發展碩士學位學程碩士在職專班/碩士(2022年)

https://doi.org/10.6837/ncnu202200309

摘要

本研究以斜槓工作者為研究對象，其主要目的旨在於了解其生涯現況與歷程，並探究其生涯建構之概念與認知內容，包含：職業人格、生涯適應、生命主題；並從生涯機緣應對及適應學習角度，探究其中之歷程與因應，並了解斜槓工作者對自我未來發展之態度與期待。
　　研究中以質性研究之半結構式訪談法為基礎，以立意取樣依據年資、職業背景，訪談6位斜槓工作者，其年齡為25-44歲、就業年資5年以上且擔任2項以上不同領域職業為對象，依據研究訪談並歸納其結論如下：
一、於生涯發展歷程上，斜槓工作者之類型，可分為同時多工以及單一工作配合兼職等兩種模式；於投入斜槓工作動機與影響因素，雖有因內部因素或家庭環境外部因素之差異，但以內部自我因素影響較大。
二、斜槓工作者面對自我生涯選擇，其職業人格於興趣、性格與價值觀具備相近性，亦影響成為斜槓工作者的重要因素；同時發現性格與價值信念引導其斜槓生涯之延續，因此性格與價值信念於職業人格中相對重要。
三、斜槓工作者面對生涯的困境與不確定時，會以對生涯關注與控制、生涯好奇、生涯自信等三類態度面對，勇於接受並找出因應方法，充分展現斜槓工作者對於生涯的韌性。
四、斜槓工作者對於自我生命主題以「自我」、「對他人與環境」以及「未來生涯」三個層面為主軸，其核心重點可分類為「把握當下的生涯期待」、「助人助己的勇氣」、「彈性適應的生涯循環」，並以目前生命主題引導未來行動，繼續開展下階段的生涯重心。
五、斜槓工作者受到外部機緣的發生影響其生涯的轉換，會以「未知領域的主動探索」、「機會發生時積極掌握」與「因應機緣時的正向接納」等三種態度因應，並透過自我精進與學習，以體驗嘗試或正式課程參與，應變生涯中的偶發事件。
六、斜槓工作者對於未來延續斜槓工作的態度皆持正向肯定，期待發展的重點及調整方向則有所不同，包含宣揚自我理念，幫助社會弱勢者；突破現實困境，開展下階段斜槓工作；縮短理想與夢想的差距，訂出下階段目標。

　　最後，本研究依據上述研究結果，對於嚮往斜槓型態的未來就業者、現任斜槓工作者、生涯與就業輔導人員以及未來相關研究提出建議。

關鍵字

斜槓工作 ； 生涯建構 ； 生涯發展 ； 多重職業

並列摘要

The main purpose of this study was to understand the current situation and history of the career of the leaning workers, and to investigate the conceptual and cognitive con-tents of their career constructs, including: career personality, career adaptation, and life themes; to explore the process and response from the perspective of career opportunities and adaptive learning; and to understand the attitude and expectation of the leaning workers toward their future development.
　Based on the semi-structured interview method of qualitative research, the study in-terviewed six leaning workers, aged 25-44, with more than five years of employment and more than two occupations in different fields, based on the intentional sampling of age and occupational background, and summarized the conclusions as follows.
1. In terms of career development history, the types of leaning workers can be divided into two modes, such as multiple jobs at the same time and a single job with part-time jobs; although there are differences in the motivation and influencing factors for putting into leaning jobs due to internal factors or factors outside the family environment, the internal self-factor has more influence.
2. In the face of self-career choice, the vocational personality of leaning workers has similar interests, personality and values, which also affects the important factors of be-coming a leaning worker; at the same time, it is found that personality and value beliefs guide the continuation of their leaning career, therefore, personality and value beliefs are relatively important in vocational personality.
3. When facing career difficulties and uncertainties, slash workers will face them with three types of attitudes: career concern and control, career curiosity, and career self-confidence, and will accept them courageously and find ways to respond to them, fully demonstrating the slash workers' resilience toward their careers.
4. Slash workers' life themes are based on the three axes of "self", "to others and the en-vironment" and "future career", and their core focuses can be categorized as "career ex-pectations in the present moment", "courage to help others and oneself" and "flexible and adaptive career cycle".
5. In response to external opportunities that affect their career transitions, workers adopt three attitudes: "active exploration of unknown areas," "active grasp of opportunities when they occur," and "positive acceptance in response to opportunities," and respond to occasional events in their careers through self-improvement and learning, and through experiential attempts or formal course participation.
6. The workers' attitudes toward the continuation of slash work in the future were all positive and affirmative, but the focus of development and the direction of adjustment were different, including promoting self-concept and helping the socially disadvantaged; breaking through the reality and starting the next stage of slash work; and narrowing the gap between ideals and dreams and setting the next stage goals.
　　Finally, based on the above findings, this study proposes recommendations for fu-ture job seekers, current leverage workers, career and employment counselors, and future related research.

並列關鍵字

slash work (slashie) ； career construction ； career development ； multiple careers

參考文獻

金樹人、林清山、田秀蘭 (1989)。我國大專學生生涯發展定向之研究。教育心理學報，22，167-190。

萬文隆 (2004)。深度訪談在質性研究中的應用。生活科技教育月刊，37(4)，17-23。

壹、中文文獻

KUANGSUSAN (2017)。斜槓青年（SLASH)－全球職涯新趨勢，迎向更有價值的多職人生）。台北市: 圓神出版社有限公司。

TEDxBend (導演) (2015)。為何某些人沒有一個真正的天職 【動畫】。取自 https://www.ted.com/talks/emilie_wapnick_why_some_of_us_don_t_have_one_true_calling?language=zh-tw#t-47810